CarGurus Logo Homepage Link
  • Buy
    • Used cars
    • New cars
    • Certified pre-owned
    • Start your purchase online
    • Dealerships near me
  • Sell
    • Sell my car
    • Car values
    • Sell my car FAQs
  • Finance
    • Prequalify for financing
    • How does it work?
    • Financing FAQs
  • Research
    • Test drive reviews
    • Price trends
    • Tips & advice
    • Electric cars
    • Compare cars
  • Discover
    The latest way to shop:
    smarter research, better
    listings.
  • Saved cars & searches
  • Sign in / Register
    • My account
    • Saved searches
    • Saved cars
    • Recommended cars
    • Browsing history
    • Financing dashboard
      • United States (EN)
      • Estados Unidos (ES)
      • Canada (EN)
      • Canada (FR)
      • United Kingdom

Used Toyota Highlander for Sale near Blue Bell, PA

271 results
Blue Bell, PA
2013 Toyota Highlander Limited AWD Koch 33 Toyota

2013 Toyota Highlander

Limited AWD

200,721 miles

$9,618

Good Deal
Easton, PA
38 mi away
Year:
2013
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
270 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Red (Sizzling Crimson Mica)
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
5-Speed Automatic Overdrive
Mileage:
200,721
Stock number:
TX2583A
VIN:
5TDDK3EHXDS221698

Sponsored

2015 Toyota Highlander LE AWD

2015 Toyota Highlander

LE AWD

99,745 miles

$16,595

Fair Deal
Somerset, NJ
47 mi away
Year:
2015
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
270 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Black
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic Overdrive
Mileage:
99,745
Stock number:
FS220635
VIN:
5TDBKRFH9FS220635

Sponsored

2021 Toyota Highlander XLE AWD

2021 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

56,266 miles

$29,399

Good Deal
Lumberton, NJ
28 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Celestial Silver
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
56,266
Stock number:
P7054A
VIN:
5TDGZRBH4MS149431

Sponsored

2018 Toyota Highlander SE AWD

2018 Toyota Highlander

SE AWD

108,014 miles

$19,917

Good Deal
Penns Grove, NJ
31 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
108,014
Stock number:
2921A
VIN:
5TDJZRFH4JS832452

2019 Toyota Highlander XLE AWD

2019 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

75,828 miles

$24,216

Good Deal
Feasterville Trevose, PA
15 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
White (Blizzard Pearl)
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
75,828
Stock number:
KS610877
VIN:
5TDJZRFH9KS610877

2016 Toyota Highlander Limited AWD

2016 Toyota Highlander

Limited AWD

175,000 miles

$15,990

Fair Deal
West Chester, PA
21 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
270 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Alumina Jade Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
21 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
175,000
Stock number:
3973
VIN:
5TDDKRFH3GS301852

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

71,683 miles

$24,995

Good Deal
Dayton, NJ
43 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Brown (Beige)
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
71,683
Stock number:
Y6385A
VIN:
5TDJZRFH4KS592420

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2016 Toyota Highlander

Limited AWD

47,417 miles

$24,000

Fair Deal
Flemington, NJ
33 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
270 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Silver Sky Metallic
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic Overdrive
Mileage:
47,417
Stock number:
T603141
VIN:
5TDDKRFH7GS251182

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2017 Toyota Highlander

LE

84,068 miles

$20,647

Fair Deal
Store transfer to King of Prussia, PA
975 mi away • Price includes $649 shipping Price includes $649 shipping
Year:
2017
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
84,068
Stock number:
28031214
VIN:
5TDZARFH8HS024867

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Toyota Highlander

L FWD

66,809 miles

$28,547

Fair Deal
Store transfer to King of Prussia, PA
822 mi away • Price includes $549 shipping Price includes $549 shipping
Year:
2023
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
265 hp 2.4L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
66,809
Stock number:
28473347
VIN:
5TDKDRAH9PS027307

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Toyota Highlander

Platinum AWD

20,492 miles

$41,991

Good Deal
Glenside, PA
7 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
265 hp 2.4L I4
Exterior color:
Moon Dust
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
20,492
Stock number:
1604501
VIN:
5TDKDRBH6PS028168

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Toyota Highlander

XSE AWD

99,793 miles

$28,997

Fair Deal
Store transfer to King of Prussia, PA
1,248 mi away • Price includes $999 shipping Price includes $999 shipping
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
99,793
Stock number:
27650877
VIN:
5TDJZRBH2MS110990

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2003 Toyota Highlander

Base V6 4WD

167,903 miles

$4,995

Good Deal
Warminster, PA
11 mi away
Year:
2003
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
155 hp 2.4L I4
Exterior color:
Blue
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Tan)
Transmission:
4-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
167,903
Stock number:
16303
VIN:
JTEHF21A530140131

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

38,696 miles

$34,482

Fair Deal
West Chester, PA
22 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Midnight Black
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
38,696
Stock number:
V221107
VIN:
5TDGZRBH4NS241107

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

96,212 miles

$21,447

Good Deal
Newark, DE
41 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
White (Blizzard Pearl)
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ash
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
96,212
Stock number:
P1660A
VIN:
5TDJZRFH2JS561505

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Toyota Highlander

Limited AWD

105,673 miles

$21,899

Good Deal
Fort Washington, PA
3 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Predawn Gray Mica
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
105,673
Stock number:
JS829772
VIN:
5TDDZRFH0JS829772

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Toyota Highlander

SE AWD

56,425 miles

$25,495

Good Deal
Warminster, PA
11 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Red (Burgundy)
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
56,425
Stock number:
16292
VIN:
5TDJZRFH1KS934566

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Toyota Highlander

Limited AWD

77,932 miles

$26,869

Fair Deal
New Holland, PA
44 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Celestial Silver
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
77,932
Stock number:
S807917
VIN:
5TDDZRFH0JS807917

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2017 Toyota Highlander

Limited Platinum AWD

112,506 miles

$20,999

Good Deal
Mount Laurel, NJ
24 mi away
Year:
2017
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Shoreline Blue Pearl
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
112,506
Stock number:
HS375268
VIN:
5TDDZRFH5HS375268

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Toyota Highlander

SE AWD

84,887 miles

$25,991

Fair Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Glen Mills, PA
24 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Celestial Silver Metallic - 1J9
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black - 21
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
84,887
Stock number:
P8237
VIN:
5TDJZRFH6KS731110

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

12,318 miles

$38,189

Good Deal
Flemington, NJ
33 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
265 hp 2.4L I4
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Harvest Beige)
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
12,318
Stock number:
U60091P
VIN:
5TDKDRBH5PS011944

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Toyota Highlander

XLE AWD

30,575 miles

$32,595

Good Deal
Wilmington, DE
36 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
295 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Red (Ruby Flare Pearl - 3T3)
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black - 20
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
30,575
Stock number:
26A9079A
VIN:
5TDHZRBH7MS523292

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2008 Toyota Highlander

Base 4WD

113,521 miles

$6,495

Great Deal
Emmaus, PA
30 mi away
Year:
2008
Make:
Toyota
Model:
Highlander
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
270 hp 3.5L V6
Exterior color:
Salsa Red Pearl
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Sand Beige)
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
113,521
Stock number:
1060624B
VIN:
JTEES41A682039332

Sponsored

  1. Home
  2. / Used Cars
  3. / Toyota Highlander
  4. / Pennsylvania
  5. / Blue Bell
Overview
Reviews
FAQs

CarGurus recommends the 2022 Toyota Highlander

Picture of Toyota Highlander ## Summary - With 3,913 currently listed for sale and an **average price of $32,882.00**, 32.2% of 2022 Toyota Highlanders for sale on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals. - **Favorably reviewed:** Owners rated the 2022 Toyota Highlander 4.58 / 5 stars. - **82.2% of 2022 Highlander models on CarGurus are accident free**. - The 2022 Toyota Highlander features a spacious interior with versatile seating configurations and comes standard with a robust suite of safety technologies. ## Why it stands out The 2022 Toyota Highlander is designed with families in mind, offering an impressive blend of safety, comfort, and functionality. It shines with its spacious three-row seating, making it an excellent choice for those needing ample room for passengers and cargo alike. Along with a dependable V6 engine that provides ample power, it features standard safety features like forward collision avoidance and lane departure warnings, making it a favorite among parents prioritizing security. Furthermore, the Highlander's modern design and technology, including a well-integrated infotainment system, enhance its appeal, promoting a comfortable and enjoyable ride for all passengers. These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from March 16, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.

4.6 Overall rating

(691 reviews)

Customers say

Overall, the Toyota Highlander has built a strong reputation across its model years for reliability, comfort, and family-friendly features. Drivers appreciate its spacious interiors and smooth rides, often highlighting its impressive safety features as a key asset. Many also enjoy the performance and power of the engines. However, some common criticisms include a lack of advanced infotainment options in older models, tight third-row seating, and varying cargo space depending on configuration. Overall, the Highlander is seen as a dependable choice for families and an excellent value in the SUV market.

AI generated from the text of customer reviews.

What people say

cargo space comfort interior performance safety
Julie W
5.0
Reviewed a 2021 Toyota Highlander on Jul 20, 2024

I loved my Highlander. I give my 2021 Toyota Highlander a 100 out of 10 on its safety. My car was a limited and it had most bells and whistles which I loved but what I loved most was that we all walked away from a collision where we were traveling 40 miles an hour and thanks to the safety design , we’re here.

Melissa C
5.0
Reviewed a 2021 Toyota Highlander on May 05, 2024

Toyota knocked it out of the park again with this 2021 Highlander Platinum. Luxurious quiet ride Lexus feel like. Very happy with this purchase.

Emmanuel S
5.0
Reviewed a 2022 Toyota Highlander on Apr 18, 2024

The car is great with very nice features. It is a good value in terms of price and nothing is missing. It is a good looking car

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2019 Toyota Highlander on Sep 03, 2024

great combination of reliability, function and features and price. Has more than enough bells and whistles with great driveability and comfort

James S
4.0
Reviewed a 2008 Toyota Highlander on Jul 16, 2024

We own 2 of these. One is the limited and the other is the all wheel drive. Over 150,000 on each and really just general maintenance issues so far with each. The clear coat is peeling and fading on the rear valance of each and the shocks and struts need to be replaced at this age. We have taken our limited everywhere including Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Maryland, West Virginia, and more. Very good for families or dog owners and flexible with the third row seating. No major issues with either one so far!

Toyota Highlander FAQs

How much does the Toyota Highlander cost in Blue Bell, PA?

The average Toyota Highlander costs about $27,537.13. The average price has decreased by -4.4% since last year. The 271 for sale near Blue Bell, PA on CarGurus, range from $4,995 to $53,833 in price.

How many Toyota Highlander vehicles in Blue Bell, PA have no reported accidents or damage?

271 out of 271 for sale near Blue Bell, PA have no reported accidents or damage.

What fuel types are available?

Gasoline engines are available.

  • 2027 Toyota Highlander in Blue Bell PA

  • 2026 Toyota Highlander in Blue Bell PA

  • 2025 Toyota Highlander in Blue Bell PA

  • 2024 Toyota Highlander

  • 2023 Toyota Highlander

  • 2022 Toyota Highlander

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $10,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $15,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $20,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $25,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $30,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale Under $40,000 Near Blue Bell

  • Used White Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Used Blue Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Used Red Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Used Black Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Used Silver Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Used Gray Toyota Highlander for Sale in Blue Bell

  • Toyota Highlander XLE AWD

  • Toyota Highlander Limited AWD

  • Toyota Highlander LE AWD

  • Toyota Highlander XLE FWD

  • Toyota Highlander LE FWD

  • Toyota Highlander XLE

  • Toyota Highlander XSE AWD

  • Toyota Highlander Platinum AWD

  • Toyota Highlander L FWD

  • Toyota Highlander Limited FWD

  • Toyota Sedans for Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Toyota SUVs & Crossovers for Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Old Toyota Pickups for Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Used Toyota Electric Cars for Sale

  • Reliable Cars For Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Toyota Trucks for Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Best 3-Row SUVs For Sale in Blue Bell PA

  • Used Toyota Highlander for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • New Toyota Highlander in Blue Bell PA

  • Certified Used Toyota Highlander in Blue Bell PA

  • Cadillac SRX in Blue Bell PA

  • Ford Escape in Blue Bell PA

  • Hyundai Veracruz in Blue Bell PA

  • Toyota Highlander in Philadelphia PA

  • Toyota Highlander in Trenton NJ

  • Toyota Highlander in Allentown PA

  • Toyota Highlander in Reading PA

  • Toyota Highlander in Newark DE

  • Toyota Highlander in New Brunswick NJ

  • Toyota Highlander in Lancaster PA

  • Toyota Highlander in Toms River NJ

  • Toyota Highlander in Dover DE

  • All Used Cars

  • Manual Transmission Cars

  • Luxury Cars

  • Cars with Red Interior

  • Cheap Manual Cars

  • Hybrid Cars

  • Sports Cars

  • Electric SUVs

  • Cheap Trucks

  • Small Cars

  • Third Row SUVs

  • Three Quarter Ton Trucks

  • Lifted Trucks

  • Manual Transmission Trucks

  • Diesel Trucks

  • Hybrid SUVs

  • Dually Trucks

  • One Ton Trucks

  • Cheap SUVs

  • Lifted Ford Trucks

  • 4x4 Trucks

  • Work Trucks

  • AWD SUVs

  • Ford Trucks

  • Chevrolet Trucks

  • Toyota Trucks

  • Trucks Under $10,000

  • Cars Under $15,000

  • Sports Cars Under $20,000

  • Trucks Under $20,000

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Hatchbacks for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Convertibles for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Vans for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Minivans for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Pickup Trucks for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Used Wagons for Sale with Low Mileage in Blue Bell

  • Faulkner Toyota Trevose

  • Koch 33 Toyota

  • New Holland Auto Group

  • Ardmore Toyota

  • Sloane Toyota of Malvern

  • Del Toyota

  • Central City Toyota

  • Sloane Toyota of Glenside

  • Dayton Toyota

  • Bennett Toyota

  • Team Toyota of Glen Mills

  • Performance Toyota

Connect with us
Download our app
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
  • Company
  • About CarGurus
  • Our team
  • Press
  • Investor relations
  • Price trends
  • Careers
  • Advertise with CarGurus
  • For dealers
  • Dealer signup
  • Dealer resources
  • Terms
  • Terms of use
  • Privacy policy
  • Interest-based ads
  • Security
  • Help
  • Help center
  • Contact us
Click for the BBB Business Review of this Auto Listing Service in Cambridge MA
    • United States (EN)
    • Estados Unidos (ES)
    • Canada (EN)
    • Canada (FR)
    • United Kingdom

© 2026 CarGurus, Inc., All Rights Reserved.