CarGurus Logo Homepage Link
  • Buy
    • Used cars
    • New cars
    • Certified pre-owned
    • Start your purchase online
    • Dealerships near me
  • Sell
    • Sell my car
    • Car values
    • Sell my car FAQs
  • Finance
    • Prequalify for financing
    • How does it work?
    • Financing FAQs
  • Research
    • Test drive reviews
    • Price trends
    • Tips & advice
    • Electric cars
    • Compare cars
  • Discover
    The latest way to shop:
    smarter research, better
    listings.
  • Saved cars & searches
  • Sign in / Register
    • My account
    • Saved searches
    • Saved cars
    • Recommended cars
    • Browsing history
    • Financing dashboard
      • United States (EN)
      • Estados Unidos (ES)
      • Canada (EN)
      • Canada (FR)
      • United Kingdom

Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale near Rancho Mirage, CA

127 results
Rancho Mirage, CA
2019 Mazda CX-9 Touring FWD Siry Auto

2019 Mazda CX-9

Touring FWD

116,999 miles

$13,499

Fair Deal
San Diego, CA
78 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
116,999
Stock number:
R1307W
VIN:
JM3TCACYXK0304832

Sponsored

2016 Mazda CX-9 Touring AWD

2016 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

108,410 miles

$11,997

Great Deal
Riverside, CA
62 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
108,410
Stock number:
115180
VIN:
JM3TCBCY5G0115180

Sponsored

2016 Mazda CX-9 Touring

2016 Mazda CX-9

Touring

83,364 miles

$14,321

Fair Deal
San Diego, CA
78 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Jet Black Mica
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
83,364
Stock number:
R1284
VIN:
JM3TCACY8G0125194

Sponsored

2023 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring AWD

2023 Mazda CX-9

Grand Touring AWD

25,164 miles

$29,990

Good Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Loma Linda, CA
52 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Sand
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
25,164
Stock number:
ZV1656
VIN:
JM3TCBDY0P0629825

2021 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring AWD

2021 Mazda CX-9

Grand Touring AWD

94,335 miles

$18,444

Good Deal
Cerritos, CA
97 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Sonic Silver Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
94,335
Stock number:
M0538791
VIN:
JM3TCBDY9M0538791

2023 Mazda CX-9 Signature AWD

2023 Mazda CX-9

Signature AWD

44,832 miles

$24,799

Great Deal
Santa Ana, CA
82 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Soul Red Crystal Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
White (Parchment)
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
44,832
Stock number:
P0645383
VIN:
JM3TCBEYXP0645383

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Mazda CX-9

Touring FWD

116,999 miles

$13,499

Fair Deal
San Diego, CA
78 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
116,999
Stock number:
R1307W
VIN:
JM3TCACYXK0304832

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

71,614 miles

$21,566

Good Deal
Fontana, CA
64 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Snowflake White Pearl Mica
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
71,614
Stock number:
71345A
VIN:
JM3TCBCY8P0635387

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

29,780 miles

$26,249

Fair Deal
Tustin, CA
80 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Jet Black Mica
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Sand
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
29,780
Stock number:
K139808A
VIN:
JM3TCBCY0P0653107

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2010 Mazda CX-9

Touring

122,928 miles

$6,999

Fair Deal
Irvine, CA
83 mi away
Year:
2010
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
273 hp 3.7L V6
Exterior color:
Green
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
122,928
Stock number:
A0213329
VIN:
JM3TB2MV1A0213329

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Carbon Edition AWD

36,297 miles

$25,995

Great Deal
Fontana, CA
62 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Polymetal Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Red
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
36,297
Stock number:
60929
VIN:
JM3TCBDY4P0630332

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2015 Mazda CX-9

Touring

103,650 miles

$10,420

Fair Deal
Huntington Beach, CA
91 mi away
Year:
2015
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
273 hp 3.7L V6
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Beige)
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
103,650
Stock number:
469222
VIN:
JM3TB2CV1F0469222

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2016 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

108,410 miles

$11,997

Great Deal
Riverside, CA
62 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
108,410
Stock number:
115180
VIN:
JM3TCBCY5G0115180

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Mazda CX-9

Sport FWD

53,680 miles

$18,699

Good Deal
Montclair, CA
76 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
53,680
Stock number:
L0405660
VIN:
JM3TCABY4L0405660

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

102,768 miles

$14,999

Great Deal
Riverside, CA
62 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
102,768
Stock number:
311996
VIN:
JM3TCBCY1K0311996

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Mazda CX-9

Sport

71,637 miles

$15,990

Fair Deal
Irvine, CA
76 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
71,637
Stock number:
J0221992
VIN:
JM3TCABY0J0221992

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

29,866 miles

$27,500

Fair Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Cerritos, CA
97 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Jet Black Mica
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
29,866
Stock number:
SP26033
VIN:
JM3TCBCY4P0651019

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2016 Mazda CX-9

Touring

70,189 miles

$14,995

Good Deal
La Mesa, CA
78 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Deep Crystal Blue Mica
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Sand
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
70,189
Stock number:
101850
VIN:
JM3TCACY6G0101850

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Mazda CX-9

Touring

97,664 miles

$14,917

Fair Deal
Cerritos, CA
97 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Jet Black Mica
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
97,664
Stock number:
C14623P
VIN:
JM3TCACY7J0231305

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Touring Plus AWD

32,934 miles

$26,149

Fair Deal
Costa Mesa, CA
87 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Soul Red Crystal Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
32,934
Stock number:
PC3662
VIN:
JM3TCBAY2P0657999

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Mazda CX-9

Touring AWD

81,942 miles

$19,998

Fair Deal
Glendora, CA
84 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Soul Red Crystal Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
81,942
Stock number:
5001B
VIN:
JM3TCBCY1N0604799

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Mazda CX-9

Signature AWD

47,172 miles

$29,124

Fair Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Cathedral City, CA
2 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Machine Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Deep Chestnut
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
47,172
Stock number:
T64345
VIN:
JM3TCBEY1N0616030

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Mazda CX-9

Touring Plus AWD

20,642 miles

$28,998

Fair Deal
Poway, CA
67 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Mazda
Model:
CX-9
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
250 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
23 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
20,642
Stock number:
835750
VIN:
JM3TCBAYXP0651416

Sponsored

  1. Home
  2. / Used Cars
  3. / Mazda CX-9
  4. / California
  5. / Rancho Mirage
Overview
Reviews
FAQs

CarGurus recommends the 2022 Mazda CX-9

Picture of Mazda CX-9 ## Summary - With 1,062 currently listed for sale on CarGurus and an **average price of $25,000.00**, 28.6% of 2022 Mazda CX-9s for sale on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals. - **Favorably reviewed:** Owners rated the 2022 Mazda CX-9 5 / 5 stars. - **76.8% of 2022 CX-9 models on CarGurus are accident free**. - The 2022 Mazda CX-9 is well-regarded for its smooth handling, luxurious interior, and spaciousness, making it a strong contender in the mid-size SUV market. ## Why it stands out The 2022 Mazda CX-9 stands out for its sporty handling and upscale interior, which are appealing qualities for drivers who prioritize a fun driving experience in a family SUV. With a reputation for comfort and performance, it features a strong turbocharged engine, providing a good mix of power and efficiency. The luxurious materials used throughout the cabin enhance the ride quality, making it an attractive option for families looking for style and practicality. Additionally, with thoughtful safety features and a competitive towing capacity, the 2022 CX-9 is a well-rounded choice for buyers in search of a three-row SUV that delivers both aesthetics and functionality. ## Other model years to consider - **[2023 Mazda CX-9](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2023-Mazda-CX-9-c32484)** - Average price: $26,895.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 28.5% - User rating: 5 / 5 - Total listings: 853 - **[2021 Mazda CX-9](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2021-Mazda-CX-9-c30890)** - Average price: $22,461.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 30.5% - User rating: 4.64 / 5 - Total listings: 532 - **[2020 Mazda CX-9](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2020-Mazda-CX-9-c29864)** - Average price: $20,111.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 33.0% - User rating: 4.89 / 5 - Total listings: 479 These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from February 23, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.

4.6 Overall rating

(222 reviews)

Customers say

The Mazda CX-9 is well-regarded among owners for its smooth handling, luxurious interior, and spaciousness, making it a top contender in the mid-size SUV market. Drivers consistently appreciate its comfortable ride, powerful performance, and safety features. However, many feel that there's room for improvement in cargo space and fuel economy, especially with the third-row seating in use. Overall, it's a solid choice for families seeking a stylish and practical SUV.

AI generated from the text of customer reviews.

What people say

cargo space interior performance power safety
James P
5.0
Reviewed a 2018 Mazda GT AWD on Dec 12, 2024

We recently purchased a 2018 Mazda CX9 GT after months of car shopping. This car does not disappoint. It’s a great value for the money. The interior is on par with premium brands, the build quality is very good. The ride is smooth and responsive, even though it has is a four cylinder, it’s very quick for its size. It’s good on gas and has adequate seating for a family. It’s truly a great car.

Linda S
5.0
Reviewed a 2015 Mazda Grand Touring on Apr 27, 2024

Third row sitting for the extended family, Bluetooth, navigation system, handsfree calling, heated seats, sunroof, backup camera, comfort and appealing. I liked it so much I bought it.

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2022 Mazda Grand Touring AWD on Jan 05, 2025

Ive only owned this car for about a week, and I love it! I traded in my Ford Explorer only because it was time. Mazda gives you all of the luxury features and more for an amazing price. Im a daily commuter and the ride is so smooth and comfortable. I highly recommend a Mazda to anyone I know looking for a new or used car..

Andrea D
5.0
Reviewed a 2020 Mazda CX-9 on Jun 01, 2024

I love this car! The ventilated seats, heads up display, and beautiful interior make this car top tier luxury!

Linda S
5.0
Reviewed a 2015 Mazda CX-9 on May 03, 2024

There are so many features. Im in awe over the CX-9. I was looking for a third row seat but got so many perks. I love having heated seats first thing in the morning. There is so much room. It was so easy to hook my phone up through Bluetooth. Definitely worth the money.

Mazda CX-9 FAQs

How much does the Mazda CX-9 cost in Rancho Mirage, CA?

The average Mazda CX-9 costs about $19,989.64. The average price has decreased by -14.5% since last year. The 82 for sale near Rancho Mirage, CA on CarGurus, range from $6,718 to $31,998 in price.

How many Mazda CX-9 vehicles in Rancho Mirage, CA have no reported accidents or damage?

82 out of 82 for sale near Rancho Mirage, CA have no reported accidents or damage.

What fuel types are available?

Gasoline engines are available.

  • 2023 Mazda CX-9

  • 2022 Mazda CX-9

  • 2021 Mazda CX-9

  • 2020 Mazda CX-9

  • 2019 Mazda CX-9

  • 2018 Mazda CX-9

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $10,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $15,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $20,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $25,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $30,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale Under $40,000 Near Rancho Mirage

  • Used White Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Used Blue Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Used Red Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Used Black Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Used Silver Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Used Gray Mazda CX-9 for Sale

  • Mazda CX-9 Touring AWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring AWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Touring Plus AWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Carbon Edition AWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Signature AWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Touring

  • Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring

  • Mazda CX-9 Touring FWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring FWD

  • Mazda CX-9 Sport AWD

  • Reliable Cars For Sale in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Best 3-Row SUVs For Sale in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Used Mazda CX-9 for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Certified Used Mazda CX-9 in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Nissan Murano in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Jeep Grand Cherokee in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Ford Explorer in Rancho Mirage CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Palm Desert CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Temecula CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in San Bernardino CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Escondido CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Victorville CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Pomona CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Irvine CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in San Diego CA

  • Mazda CX-9 in Los Angeles CA

  • All Used Cars

  • Manual Transmission Cars

  • Luxury Cars

  • Cars with Red Interior

  • Cheap Manual Cars

  • Hybrid Cars

  • Sports Cars

  • Electric SUVs

  • Cheap Trucks

  • Small Cars

  • Third Row SUVs

  • Three Quarter Ton Trucks

  • Lifted Trucks

  • Manual Transmission Trucks

  • Diesel Trucks

  • Hybrid SUVs

  • Dually Trucks

  • One Ton Trucks

  • Cheap SUVs

  • Lifted Ford Trucks

  • 4x4 Trucks

  • Work Trucks

  • AWD SUVs

  • Ford Trucks

  • Chevrolet Trucks

  • Toyota Trucks

  • Trucks Under $10,000

  • Cars Under $15,000

  • Sports Cars Under $20,000

  • Trucks Under $20,000

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Hatchbacks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Convertibles for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Vans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Minivans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Pickup Trucks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Wagons for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Hello Mazda of Temecula

Connect with us
Download our app
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
  • Company
  • About CarGurus
  • Our team
  • Press
  • Investor relations
  • Price trends
  • Careers
  • Advertise with CarGurus
  • For dealers
  • Dealer signup
  • Dealer resources
  • Terms
  • Terms of use
  • Privacy policy
  • Interest-based ads
  • Security
  • Help
  • Help center
  • Contact us
Click for the BBB Business Review of this Auto Listing Service in Cambridge MA
    • United States (EN)
    • Estados Unidos (ES)
    • Canada (EN)
    • Canada (FR)
    • United Kingdom

© 2026 CarGurus, Inc., All Rights Reserved.