CarGurus Logo Homepage Link
  • Buy
    • Used cars
    • New cars
    • Certified pre-owned
    • Start your purchase online
    • Dealerships near me
  • Sell
    • Sell my car
    • Car values
    • Sell my car FAQs
  • Finance
    • Prequalify for financing
    • How does it work?
    • Financing FAQs
  • Research
    • Test drive reviews
    • Price trends
    • Tips & advice
    • Electric cars
    • Compare cars
  • Discover
    The latest way to shop:
    smarter research, better
    listings.
  • Saved cars & searches
  • Sign in / Register
    • My account
    • Saved searches
    • Saved cars
    • Recommended cars
    • Browsing history
    • Financing dashboard
      • United States (EN)
      • Estados Unidos (ES)
      • Canada (EN)
      • Canada (FR)
      • United Kingdom

Used Dodge Challenger for Sale near Hilo, HI

7,969 results
Hilo, HI
2013 Dodge Challenger SXT RWD 916 Auto Mart

2013 Dodge Challenger

SXT RWD

104,714 miles

$11,995

Fair Deal
Sacramento, CA
2,391 mi away
Year:
2013
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
305 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
5-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
104,714
Stock number:
8844
VIN:
2C3CDYAG4DH548844

Sponsored

2019 Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack Widebody RWD

2019 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack Widebody RWD

40,071 miles

$36,799

Good Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Lakeland, FL
4,589 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
Octane Red Pearlcoat
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
40,071
Stock number:
25G0246B
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ5KH750129

Sponsored

2020 Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack Widebody RWD

2020 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack Widebody RWD

25,846 miles

$39,500

Good Deal
Greenville, NC
4,762 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
Octane Red Pearlcoat
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Manual Overdrive
Mileage:
25,846
Stock number:
260179AA
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ6LH221712

Sponsored

2019 Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack RWD

2019 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack RWD

16,292 miles

$32,888

Good Deal
Titusville, FL
4,653 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
White Knuckle Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
16,292
Stock number:
KH741246
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ8KH741246

2018 Dodge Challenger GT AWD

2018 Dodge Challenger

GT AWD

107,400 miles

$15,999

Great Deal
Waseca, MN
3,882 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
305 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
Orange
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
107,400
Stock number:
25429A
VIN:
2C3CDZGG3JH112835

2017 Dodge Challenger R/T RWD

2017 Dodge Challenger

R/T RWD

107,357 miles

$16,778

Good Deal
Lewisburg, PA
4,732 mi away
Year:
2017
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
375 hp 5.7L V8
Exterior color:
Yellow
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
107,357
Stock number:
C12490C
VIN:
2C3CDZBTXHH554512

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2017 Dodge Challenger

R/T RWD

66,151 miles

$24,900

Fair Deal
Dublin, GA
4,480 mi away
Year:
2017
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
375 hp 5.7L V8
Exterior color:
Torred Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ruby Red/Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
66,151
Stock number:
P1842A
VIN:
2C3CDZBT2HH580540

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Dodge Challenger

GT RWD

55,259 miles

$20,865

Good Deal
Metairie, LA
4,077 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
303 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
White Knuckle Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
55,259
Stock number:
PNA10442
VIN:
2C3CDZJG1NH249738

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2012 Dodge Challenger

SRT8 392 RWD

53,418 miles

$21,990

Great Deal
Rochelle, IL
4,099 mi away
Year:
2012
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
470 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
Yellow
Combined gas mileage:
18 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Manual
Mileage:
53,418
Stock number:
DS70
VIN:
2C3CDYCJ1CH201298

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack RWD

44,052 miles

$28,210

Good Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Niles, MI
4,244 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
F8 Green
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
44,052
Stock number:
N58610P
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ6JH242783

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack RWD

39,719 miles

$34,336

Good Deal
Watford City, ND
3,465 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
Smoke Show
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
39,719
Stock number:
Q1424
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ9MH599721

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Dodge Challenger

R/T RWD

15,388 miles

$28,000

Great Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Richmond, IN
4,324 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
375 hp 5.7L V8
Exterior color:
Pitch Black Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
6-Speed Manual
Mileage:
15,388
Stock number:
D91674B
VIN:
2C3CDZBT8NH182356

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Dodge Challenger

R/T RWD

15,549 miles

$31,500

Great Deal
Grand Rapids, MI
4,279 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
375 hp 5.7L V8
Exterior color:
Pitch Black Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
15,549
Stock number:
SU4988A
VIN:
2C3CDZBT9PH630025

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2017 Dodge Challenger

SXT RWD

112,362 miles

$10,599

Good Deal
Miami, FL
4,724 mi away
Year:
2017
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
305 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
112,362
Stock number:
636289
VIN:
2C3CDZAGXHH636289

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Dodge Challenger

SXT RWD

78,005 miles

$18,588

Good Deal
Cameron, TX
3,672 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
303 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
Smoke Show
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
78,005
Stock number:
547138T
VIN:
2C3CDZAG1MH547138

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Dodge Challenger

SXT Plus RWD

123,839 miles

$12,498

Good Deal
Tampa, FL
4,560 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
305 hp 3.6L V6
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
123,839
Stock number:
161739
VIN:
2C3CDZAG9JH161739

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Dodge Challenger

SXT AWD

37,007 miles

$24,949

Good Deal
Clarksburg, WV
4,563 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
303 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
F8 Green
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
37,007
Stock number:
25J116A
VIN:
2C3CDZGG7NH165480

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2016 Dodge Challenger

R/T Plus RWD

118,201 miles

$15,999

Good Deal
Oklahoma City, OK
3,631 mi away
Year:
2016
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
375 hp 5.7L V8
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
20 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
118,201
Stock number:
s34vf
VIN:
2C3CDZBTXGH217806

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2012 Dodge Challenger

R/T RWD

80,487 miles

$15,625

Great Deal
Billings, MT
3,183 mi away
Year:
2012
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
372 hp 5.7L V8
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
6-Speed Manual
Mileage:
80,487
Stock number:
5862C
VIN:
2C3CDYBT0CH155756

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Dodge Challenger

SXT AWD

9,657 miles

$27,863

Great Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Sylvester, GA
4,438 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
303 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
White Knuckle Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
22 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
9,657
Stock number:
S6P2A
VIN:
2C3CDZGG8PH597577

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Dodge Challenger

SXT RWD

119,467 miles

$13,982

Great Deal
Norman, OK
3,638 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
303 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
White Knuckle Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
119,467
Stock number:
LH178068
VIN:
2C3CDZAG3LH178068

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2017 Dodge Challenger

SXT RWD

47,452 miles

$16,750

Great Deal
Greenland, NH
5,014 mi away
Year:
2017
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
305 hp 3.6L V6
Exterior color:
Gray (Granite Crystal Metallic Clearcoat)
Combined gas mileage:
24 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
47,452
Stock number:
HH627222
VIN:
2C3CDZAGXHH627222

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Dodge Challenger

R/T Scat Pack RWD

1,506 miles

$47,585

Fair Deal
Indianapolis, IN
4,260 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Dodge
Model:
Challenger
Body type:
Coupe
Doors:
2 doors
Drivetrain:
Rear-Wheel Drive
Engine:
485 hp 6.4L V8
Exterior color:
Pitch Black Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
19 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
1,506
Stock number:
E2629027A
VIN:
2C3CDZFJ5PH668473

Sponsored

  1. Home
  2. / Used Cars
  3. / Dodge Challenger
  4. / Hawaii
  5. / Hilo
Overview
Reviews

CarGurus recommends the 2022 Dodge Challenger

Picture of Dodge Challenger

Summary

  • With 4,159 currently listed for sale on CarGurus and an average price of $33,469.50, 30.9% of 2022 Dodge Challengers for sale on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals.
  • Favorably reviewed: Owners rated the 2022 Dodge Challenger 4.4 / 5 stars.
  • 82.3% of 2022 Challenger models on CarGurus are accident free.
  • The 2022 Dodge Challenger featured a user-friendly Uconnect infotainment system, enhancing connectivity with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay.

Why it stands out

The Dodge Challenger stands out as a quintessential American muscle car, offering a thrilling driving experience with its powerful engine options and distinctive styling. With numerous special editions and a variety of trims, buyers can find a model that suits their performance preferences and aesthetic tastes. Additionally, the third generation's modern safety features and user-friendly technology make it a practical choice for those seeking both excitement and everyday usability in their vehicle.

Other model years to consider

The 2020 Dodge Challenger stands out as a highly suitable option, with an average price of $29,706.90 and a user rating of 4.8/5, coupled with a strong availability of good deals at 30%. The 2019 model also presents a compelling choice; priced at approximately $26,129.24 and boasting a user rating of 4.7/5, it offers good deal availability at 26%. For those seeking budget-friendly alternatives, the 2015 Challenger is moderately suitable with an average price of $22,397.44 and a solid user rating of 4.5/5, alongside 26% good/great deal opportunities.

Model years to approach with caution

In examining the Dodge Challenger model years, the years 1970, 1973, and 1974 stand out as the most suitable options, all receiving user ratings of 4.8/5. These classic models may command higher prices due to their iconic status and limited availability, which could impact financial considerations for potential buyers.

On the other hand, more recent models such as the 2017 and 2014 versions show average prices around $20,721.98 and $16,276.21 respectively, yet they experience a significant percentage of listings classified as not good or great deals (74%). This raises questions about their value relative to user satisfaction ratings of 4.4/5 and 4.2/5, suggesting that buyers should weigh quality metrics alongside financial factors when considering these later models.

These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from December 17, 2025, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.

4.7 Overall rating

(972 reviews)

Customers say

The Dodge Challenger has cemented its place as an iconic American muscle car over the years, winning over drivers with its impressive power, comfort, and distinctive retro styling. Owners consistently praise the powerful performance and enjoyable driving experience, reveling in its muscle car heritage. However, some criticisms include cramped rear seating, fuel economy concerns, and a desire for improved interior quality and features. Overall, the Challenger continues to be favored for its blend of classic appeal and modern technology, despite some noted drawbacks in practicality and refinement.

AI generated from the text of customer reviews.

What people say

comfort fuel economy interior performance power
Eneka D
5.0
Reviewed a 2017 Dodge Challenger on Jul 27, 2024

I love this car. Yes it’s a great value!! If I have to say anything it’s missing it would be remote start, but I love it still!! She’s in a class all by herself!!!! I absolutely adore it!!!!!

James O
5.0
Reviewed a 2010 Dodge Challenger on May 28, 2024

This car in one word AWESOME the sound of that Hemi this car is fun to drive I drove 70 miles from the dealer to my house I had a ball!!

Steven A
4.0
Reviewed a 2019 Dodge Challenger on May 06, 2024

Just about all the features you might want in a performance big engine sports car. This five year old vehicle is a good value considering the mileage, condition and depreciation curve. What’s missing? Sunroof maybe but not a deal breaker for me. Other models to consider would be a Corvette or Camaro.

Steven A
4.0
Reviewed a 2022 Dodge Challenger on Jun 12, 2024

Challenger Hellcats are purchased primarily for the powerful engines. The car also has most features you would expect in a performance automobile: AC, nice stereo, power adjustable drivers seat. 2023 was the last year for the Hellcats and Hemi engines. Cars 2 to 3 years or older with low mileage may be great values. These cars are heavier than most other sports cars and not as nimble on curves but straight line speed is impressive with the Hellcats. Others to consider would be the Corvette and Mustang.

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2018 Dodge Challenger on Apr 06, 2024

I love this car it’s what I’ve always wanted a factory hot rod. Buy em now they aren’t making them anymore.. 2018 dodge upgraded the touch screen, this one’s nice big and clear. Back up beepers and blind spot lights on the mirror huge plus. The thing I found I don’t like is I would like a gear indicator on the dash sometimes you’ll miss one. I’m new to this 6 speed. It’s a blast to drive!

  • 2023 Dodge Challenger

  • 2022 Dodge Challenger

  • 2021 Dodge Challenger

  • 2020 Dodge Challenger

  • 2019 Dodge Challenger

  • 2018 Dodge Challenger

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $10,000 Near Hilo

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $15,000 Near Hilo

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $20,000 Near Hilo

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $25,000 Near Hilo

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $30,000 Near Hilo

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale Under $40,000 Near Hilo

  • Used White Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Used Blue Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Used Red Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Used Black Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Used Silver Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Used Gray Dodge Challenger for Sale

  • Dodge Challenger SXT RWD

  • Dodge Challenger R/T RWD

  • Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack RWD

  • Dodge Challenger GT RWD

  • Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack Widebody RWD

  • Dodge Challenger GT AWD

  • Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat RWD

  • Dodge Challenger SXT Plus RWD

  • Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat Jailbreak RWD

  • Dodge Challenger R/T Plus RWD

  • Classic Muscle Cars for Sale in Hilo HI

  • Cheap Muscle Cars for Sale in Hilo HI

  • Lifted RAM & Dodge trucks for sale in Hilo HI

  • Dodge Trucks For Sale in Hilo HI

  • Best American Muscle Cars For Sale in Hilo HI

  • Used Dodge Challenger for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Certified Used Dodge Challenger in Hilo HI

  • Ford Mustang in Hilo HI

  • Nissan 370Z in Hilo HI

  • Chevrolet Camaro in Hilo HI

  • Dodge Challenger in Honolulu HI

  • Dodge Challenger in Santa Cruz CA

  • Dodge Challenger in San Francisco CA

  • Dodge Challenger in Santa Rosa CA

  • Dodge Challenger in Eureka CA

  • Dodge Challenger in Salinas CA

  • Dodge Challenger in San Jose CA

  • Dodge Challenger in Napa CA

  • Dodge Challenger in Concord CA

  • All Used Cars

  • Manual Transmission Cars

  • Luxury Cars

  • Cars with Red Interior

  • Cheap Manual Cars

  • Hybrid Cars

  • Sports Cars

  • Electric SUVs

  • Cheap Trucks

  • Small Cars

  • Third Row SUVs

  • Three Quarter Ton Trucks

  • Lifted Trucks

  • Manual Transmission Trucks

  • Diesel Trucks

  • Hybrid SUVs

  • Dually Trucks

  • One Ton Trucks

  • Cheap SUVs

  • Lifted Ford Trucks

  • 4x4 Trucks

  • Work Trucks

  • AWD SUVs

  • Ford Trucks

  • Chevrolet Trucks

  • Toyota Trucks

  • Trucks Under $10,000

  • Cars Under $15,000

  • Sports Cars Under $20,000

  • Trucks Under $20,000

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Hatchbacks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Convertibles for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Vans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Minivans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Pickup Trucks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Wagons for Sale with Low Mileage

Connect with us
Download our app
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
  • Company
  • About CarGurus
  • Our team
  • Press
  • Investor relations
  • Price trends
  • Careers
  • Advertise with CarGurus
  • For dealers
  • Dealer signup
  • Dealer resources
  • Terms
  • Terms of use
  • Privacy policy
  • Interest-based ads
  • Security
  • Help
  • Help center
  • Contact us
Click for the BBB Business Review of this Auto Listing Service in Cambridge MA
    • United States (EN)
    • Estados Unidos (ES)
    • Canada (EN)
    • Canada (FR)
    • United Kingdom

© 2026 CarGurus, Inc., All Rights Reserved.