Used Ford Fusion Hybrid for Sale nearEugene, OR
Shop with transparent pricing.
Only show listings that include dealer fees- Year:
- 2015
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Ingot Silver Metallic
- Combined gas mileage:
- 43 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 118,613
- Stock #:
- KB2358
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU5FR196066
Sponsored Listing
2015 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
118,613 mi
$8,227
- Year:
- 2015
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Bronze
- Combined gas mileage:
- 43 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 71,165
- Stock #:
- 7558B
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU1FR183928
2015 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
71,165 mi
$12,790
- Year:
- 2016
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 43 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Gray
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 105,377
- Stock #:
- 240763
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UU7GR240763
2016 Ford Fusion Hybrid
S FWD
105,377 mi
$8,800
- Year:
- 2019
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Gray (Magnetic Metallic)
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 44,594
- Stock #:
- 272600
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU4KR272600
2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
44,594 mi
$18,533
- Year:
- 2020
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 84,802
- Stock #:
- 39463
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU3LR149212
2020 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
84,802 mi
$14,270
- Year:
- 2015
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Ingot Silver Metallic
- Combined gas mileage:
- 43 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 118,613
- Stock #:
- KB2358
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU5FR196066
2015 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
118,613 mi
$8,227
- Year:
- 2019
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 58,768
- Stock #:
- LG4011
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0RU2KR140880
2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid
Titanium FWD
58,768 mi
$18,220
$17,678
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Ingot Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Medium Light Stone
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 70,690
- Stock #:
- J972
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UU1JR100523
-$501
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
S FWD
70,690 mi
$14,736
$14,235
- Year:
- 2014
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Blue
- Combined gas mileage:
- 43 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Brown (Tan)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 62,974
- Stock #:
- 1886
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU6ER256483
2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
62,974 mi
$13,752
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Gray
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 80,718
- Stock #:
- 1869
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU3JR278628
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
80,718 mi
$13,989
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Medium Light Stone
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 42,106
- Stock #:
- 100813
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UUXJR100813
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
S FWD
42,106 mi
$17,222
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Gray
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 68,242
- Stock #:
- 192307-356
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0RU3JR192307
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
Titanium FWD
68,242 mi
$11,245
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Brown (Beige)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 31,953
- Stock #:
- 4500
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UU5JR212743
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
S FWD
31,953 mi
$16,855
Customer summary
Overall, the Ford Fusion Hybrid has garnered positive feedback for its blend of comfort, fuel efficiency, and advanced features across various model years. Owners frequently praise its stylish design, smooth ride, and impressive gas mileage, often achieving around 40-54 mpg. However, some drivers express concerns about limited cargo space, battery replacement costs, and interior material quality in certain models. The driving experience, including good acceleration and quiet operation, is commonly favored, making it a popular choice for those looking for an efficient and comfortable car.
- Year:
- 2020
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 91,350
- Stock #:
- 1858
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU8LR265697
2020 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
91,350 mi
$13,989
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Brown (Beige)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 35,917
- Stock #:
- 4511
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UU2JR254562
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
35,917 mi
$16,517
- Year:
- 2017
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 96,978
- Stock #:
- 12416
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU9HR249144
2017 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
96,978 mi
$13,370
- Year:
- 2017
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 108,099
- Stock #:
- 8062M
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU2HR409185
2017 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
108,099 mi
$10,025
- Year:
- 2019
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 111,371
- Stock #:
- I124788
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LUXKR124788
2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
111,371 mi
$11,318
- Year:
- 2017
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Gray
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 18,390
- Stock #:
- 28585957
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0UU2HR360780
2017 Ford Fusion Hybrid
S FWD
18,390 mi
$18,147
- Year:
- 2019
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 97,556
- Stock #:
- I124795
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU7KR124795
2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
97,556 mi
$13,618
- Year:
- 2018
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 116,374
- Stock #:
- S278697
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU0JR278697
2018 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
116,374 mi
$11,325
- Year:
- 2019
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 2L I4 Hybrid
- Exterior color:
- Oxford White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 42 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Interior color:
- Black (Ebony)
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 109,775
- Stock #:
- I124777
- VIN:
- 3FA6P0LU5KR124777
2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid
SE FWD
109,775 mi
$13,018
- Year:
- 2010
- Make:
- Ford
- Model:
- Fusion Hybrid
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 191 hp 2.5L I4 Hybrid
- Combined gas mileage:
- 39 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Hybrid
- Transmission:
- Continuously Variable Transmission
- Mileage:
- 113,685
- Stock #:
- 2186A
- VIN:
- 3FADP0L35AR277740
2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid
FWD
113,685 mi
$7,810
How much does the Ford Fusion Hybrid cost in today's market?
Used Ford Fusion Hybrid prices span a wide range depending on model year. Here's what the market looks like right now:
| Model Year | Current Avg. Price | Year-Round Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $14,670 | $14,587 – $16,732 |
| 2019 | $12,535 | $12,320 – $14,052 |
| 2018 | $13,411 | $12,774 – $13,990 |
| 2017 | $10,163 | $9,825 – $11,084 |
| 2016 | $9,822 | $8,450 – $10,113 |
| 2015 | $9,223 | $8,310 – $9,705 |
| 2014 | $8,512 | $8,240 – $9,161 |
The Ford Fusion Hybrid's current nationwide average price is $12,441, and its year-round low is $11,928.19. That gives you a useful snapshot of where pricing sits for this model across the year. Recently, prices have come down for the 2018, 2019, and 2020 models, making now a good time to shop recent model years.
Is the Ford Fusion Hybrid a good car?
Yes — the Ford Fusion Hybrid earns strong owner approval across the lineup. The all-generations owner rating is 4.9/5 across every model year in the data.
Owners consistently praise its comfortable ride, fuel efficiency, and quiet driving experience. Many also highlight its stylish design and the advanced features that make it feel well equipped for daily use. 28.8% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
Are Ford Fusion Hybrid models reliable?
Owners consistently describe the Ford Fusion Hybrid as a comfortable, efficient car with smooth operation and strong everyday usability. Expert and owner feedback also points to a quiet cabin, solid driving feel, and appealing feature content across the years in the data.
- Owners rate the Ford Fusion Hybrid between 4.67 and 5.0 out of 5 stars across all model years in the data.
For used buyers, the main long-term ownership consideration is keeping an eye on battery-related costs as the car ages.
What should I look for when buying a used Ford Fusion Hybrid?
Across all model years, at 64.1% accident-free, a meaningful share of listings has prior incidents — history verification is especially important.
| Model Year | Accident-Free % |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 62.2% |
| 2019 | 66.4% |
| 2018 | 64% |
| 2017 | 66.2% |
| 2016 | 56.3% |
| 2015 | 58.6% |
| 2014 | 60.8% |
What Ford Fusion Hybrid do most buyers choose?
The Ford Fusion Hybrid years with the most listings are 2019, 2018, and 2017.
| Model Year | Total Listings | Good + Great Deals % |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 687 | 29.3% |
| 2018 | 678 | 29.2% |
| 2017 | 515 | 30.7% |
| 2020 | 328 | 25.9% |
| 2016 | 192 | 27.1% |
| 2015 | 140 | 27.1% |
Higher-volume years tend to draw more shopper attention because you get more inventory to compare, more pricing spread to work with, and more chances to find a trim and condition that fits your budget.
What is the Ford Fusion Hybrid's resale value?
| Model Year | Current Avg. Price | Year-Over-Year Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $14,670 | −12.35% |
| 2019 | $12,535 | −10.85% |
| 2017 | $10,163 | −6.57% |
| 2014 | $8,512 | −5.21% |
| 2015 | $9,223 | −2.86% |
| 2018 | $13,411 | −2.84% |
| 2016 | $9,822 | −0.05% |
Most model years are down year over year, which creates better buying conditions for shoppers looking at used inventory. The largest drops are concentrated in the newer years, while the rest show smaller declines. The 2016 model year is holding steady, with prices close to flat year-over-year. The 2016, 2018, and 2015 model years have held their value best, with the smallest year-over-year price changes.
Should I buy a used Ford Fusion Hybrid now or wait for the next model?
Buy now if:
- Price trend: The 2019 model is at −10.85% versus a year ago, and the 2018 model is at −2.84%.
- Deal availability: The 2019 model has 29.3% good and great deals, and the 2018 model has 29.2%.
- Sweet-spot year: The 2019 model has the most listings at a current average price of $12,535.
If you're buying used today, the 2019 model year offers the best mix of value and availability. If you want the newest version, it may be worth waiting for 2021 inventory to mature.
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from August 21, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
4.9 Overall rating
Customers say
Overall, the Ford Fusion Hybrid has garnered positive feedback for its blend of comfort, fuel efficiency, and advanced features across various model years. Owners frequently praise its stylish design, smooth ride, and impressive gas mileage, often achieving around 40-54 mpg. However, some drivers express concerns about limited cargo space, battery replacement costs, and interior material quality in certain models. The driving experience, including good acceleration and quiet operation, is commonly favored, making it a popular choice for those looking for an efficient and comfortable car.
AI generated from the text of customer reviews.
Filter by year
Filter by rating
What people say
RobbLl y
Reviewed a 2017 Ford Platinum FWD on Jul 9, 2026
The car is packed with a ton of features that make driving relaxing, convenient, and one-of-a-kind. the cooled are excellent as they don’t just ventilate the air from the floor, it actually cools it (however after awhile the back cooling effect subsides, and the heat exhaust from cooling the seat will begin to subtly creep in there). The interior is very plush and premium. The sound quality is fantastic. The car is great value, it is very efficient, quiet (it has active noise cancelling), luxurious, yet it doesn’t have those premium markups and the car is very reliable eCVT and as a ford, parts are not expensive. It has a lot of sensors and a backup camera (no 360 view, it’s a 2017 where those were less common). Besides that it is not missing much. I cannot think of any other models I can compare it to; its interior is truly one of a kind for this price point and it is packed with luxury features.
Mark N
Reviewed a 2020 Ford SE FWD on Aug 1, 2026
I think the cars gas features are amazing. The value is a little under what it should be. The car isn't missing anything it's perfect. I would compare it to a honda accord hybrid
M J
Reviewed a 2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid on Feb 14, 2026
Solid vehicle and gets good gas mileage. Good features for the cost.
Shannon K
Reviewed a 2017 Ford SE FWD on Oct 9, 2025
Amazing value, roomy, can’t beat the gas mileage. I’m in love.
Ford Fusion Hybrid Trims
| Trim type | MSRP |
|---|---|
| SE FWD | $28,000 |
| SEL FWD | $31,630 |
| Titanium FWD | $34,595 |
| Police Responder FWD | $30,145 |
Ford Fusion Hybrid Price Trends
CarGurus tracks the prices of millions of used car listings every year. See how the average price of Ford Fusion Hybrid prices has changed over time.
See more price trendsOverview
About the Ford Fusion Hybrid
The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a version of the once-popular sedan powered by a hybrid drivetrain. The Fusion Hybrid appeared about halfway through the Fusion’s first generation (2006 to 2012) and continued into the second generation, debuting in 2013 and continuing through the demise of the nameplate in the 2020 model year. The Fusion Hybrid utilized generations of the eCVT transaxle, which continues on in both the Ford Escape and the Ford Maverick. Note that in 2017, Ford also introduced the Ford Fusion Energi, a plug-in hybrid version of the Fusion that was marketed as a separate model.
What are the advantages of the Ford Fusion Hybrid?
- Excellent fuel mileage
- Affordable on the used market
- Fusion Energi is eligible for the maximum Clean Energy Tax Credit of $4,000 on the used market
What is the best Ford Fusion Hybrid model year?
The second generation Fusion was a great step forward in design and hybrid technology. First generation Fusion Hybrids were the subject of a class action lawsuit because the 2.5-liter Duratec engine was reported to provide 20 percent less actual fuel economy the EPA estimates suggested. The 2.0-liter Duratec hybrid drivetrain that arrived with the 2013 redesign was deemed much closer to EPA estimates. The conventional parallel hybrid provides the same overall fuel economy of 42 MPG combined as the Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid. Also, the Fusion Hybrid from 2013 to 2018 misses Ford’s Co-Pilot 360 suite of safety equipment that became standard in the 2019 model year, so the smart money is on one of the last two years of production.
What are the disadvantages of the Ford Fusion Hybrid?
The main disadvantage of the Fusion Hybrid is that it’s a sedan and most Americans have chosen to buy crossover SUVs. That means that the resale value will generally be lower than something like a Ford Escape Hybrid, but the purchase price should be lower, too.
Comparison: Is the Ford Fusion Hybrid better than the Toyota Camry Hybrid?
It’s hard to beat the Toyota Camry Hybrid. In general, you’ll either pay a cost premium for the Toyota, or you’ll find one for the same money with significantly higher miles. Fuel economy is similar, though the Toyota does provide about 4 MPG better combined fuel economy than the EPA’s rating for the Ford Fusion Hybrid.
Is the Ford Fusion Hybrid a reliable car?
The Ford Fusion Hybrid features a drivetrain that’s still the basis for the one powering the Ford Escape and Ford Maverick. It’s about as solid as you can expect, with a hybrid transaxle that took its inspiration from the Toyota Prius.
Is the Ford Fusion Hybrid worth the cost?
About $20,000 will buy you a well-equipped Fusion Hybrid with relatively low mileage and the full complement of Ford’s advanced safety equipment including adaptive cruise control. With around 45,000 miles, you can find a Ford Fusion Energi for the same money and enjoy the full $4,000 tax credit that applies to these cars.
Relevant articles
The Best First Cars for New Drivers in 2026
Whether you’re learning to drive at 16 or 60, great first cars for new drivers have a few things in common: safety, reliability, and affordability. Here are ten great picks that tick all the boxes.
Who Makes Ford Cars?
Ford is one of the oldest and most influential American car brands. Based in Dearborn, Michigan, it has produced some of the most iconic cars ever and continues to be one of the top-10 best-selling carmakers worldwide.
