CarGurus Logo Homepage Link
  • Buy
    • Used cars
    • New cars
    • Certified pre-owned
    • Start your purchase online
    • Dealerships near me
  • Sell
    • Sell my car
    • Car values
    • Sell my car FAQs
  • Finance
    • Prequalify for financing
    • How does it work?
    • Financing FAQs
  • Research
    • Test drive reviews
    • Price trends
    • Tips & advice
    • Electric cars
    • Compare cars
  • Discover
    The latest way to shop:
    smarter research, better
    listings.
  • Saved cars & searches
  • Sign in / Register
    • My account
    • Saved searches
    • Saved cars
    • Recommended cars
    • Browsing history
    • Financing dashboard
      • United States (EN)
      • Estados Unidos (ES)
      • Canada (EN)
      • Canada (FR)
      • United Kingdom

Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale near Wake Forest, NC

284 results
Wake Forest, NC
2021 Toyota RAV4 XLE FWD Westgate Mitsubishi

2021 Toyota RAV4

XLE FWD

85,368 miles

$21,200

Good Deal
Raleigh, NC
10 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ash
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
85,368
Stock number:
M6165XP
VIN:
2T3W1RFV5MW164599

Sponsored

2023 Toyota RAV4 XLE Premium FWD

2023 Toyota RAV4

XLE Premium FWD

31,473 miles

$30,529

Fair Deal
Raleigh, NC
7 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
31,473
Stock number:
PC244725
VIN:
2T3C1RFV0PC244725

Sponsored

2025 Toyota RAV4 XLE AWD

2025 Toyota RAV4

XLE AWD

15,786 miles

$28,822

Great Deal
Raleigh, NC
15 mi away
Year:
2025
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
15,786
Stock number:
42972
VIN:
2T3P1RFV4SC522486

Sponsored

2025 Toyota RAV4 XLE AWD

2025 Toyota RAV4

XLE AWD

15,786 miles

$28,822

Great Deal
Raleigh, NC
15 mi away
Year:
2025
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
15,786
Stock number:
42972
VIN:
2T3P1RFV4SC522486

2024 Toyota RAV4 LE AWD

2024 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

48,925 miles

$25,447

Good Deal
Store transfer to Raleigh, NC
468 mi away • Price includes $449 shipping Price includes $449 shipping
Year:
2024
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
48,925
Stock number:
28239782
VIN:
2T3F1RFVXRC442888

2021 Toyota RAV4 LE AWD

2021 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

39,275 miles

$22,988

Good Deal
Raleigh, NC
9 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Midnight Black Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
39,275
Stock number:
R36143A
VIN:
2T3G1RFV2MW140796

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2014 Toyota RAV4

XLE

163,709 miles

$9,495

Good Deal
Durham, NC
18 mi away
Year:
2014
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Blue
Combined gas mileage:
27 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
163,709
Stock number:
C26003
VIN:
2T3WFREV5EW082988

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

23,000 miles

$25,999

Great Deal
Cary, NC
21 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Magnetic Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
23,000
Stock number:
CAD7436
VIN:
2T3F1RFV0RC441538

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Toyota RAV4

XLE FWD

117,071 miles

$17,999

Good Deal
Rocky Mount, NC
39 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Midnight Black Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ash
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
117,071
Stock number:
DT10F0235B
VIN:
2T3W1RFV1MC097386

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2013 Toyota RAV4

Limited AWD

125,370 miles

$12,500

Good Deal
Durham, NC
22 mi away
Year:
2013
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
125,370
Stock number:
088867
VIN:
2T3DFREV4DW088867

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2015 Toyota RAV4

LE

155,737 miles

$10,996

Fair Deal
Cary, NC
20 mi away
Year:
2015
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Combined gas mileage:
27 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
155,737
Stock number:
CFJ041136
VIN:
JTMZFREV6FJ041136

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2013 Toyota RAV4

Limited AWD

171,783 miles

$10,995

Fair Deal
Raleigh, NC
16 mi away
Year:
2013
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Magnetic Gray Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ash
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
171,783
Stock number:
T10763A
VIN:
2T3DFREV9DW114735

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2009 Toyota RAV4

Base 4WD

65,223 miles

$11,995

Fair Deal
Benson, NC
41 mi away
Year:
2009
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Four-Wheel Drive
Engine:
179 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Red
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Tan)
Transmission:
4-Speed Automatic Overdrive
Mileage:
65,223
Stock number:
008708
VIN:
2T3BF33V49W008708

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Toyota RAV4

LE FWD

75,947 miles

$19,990

Good Deal
Raleigh, NC
14 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Midnight Black Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Beige)
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
75,947
Stock number:
P093495
VIN:
2T3H1RFV0LW093495

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Toyota RAV4

LE FWD

98,548 miles

$17,988

Good Deal
Pittsboro, NC
41 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
8-Speed Dual Clutch
Mileage:
98,548
Stock number:
11421
VIN:
2T3H1RFV8LC084125

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2021 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

69,255 miles

$19,997

Great Deal
Cary, NC
20 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Red
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
69,255
Stock number:
CMC147498
VIN:
2T3F1RFV0MC147498

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2014 Toyota RAV4

XLE AWD

145,656 miles

$11,988

Fair Deal
Durham, NC
25 mi away
Year:
2014
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Classic Silver Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Ash
Transmission:
6-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
145,656
Stock number:
DR30704TA
VIN:
2T3RFREVXEW185532

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

29,330 miles

$25,980

Great Deal
Certified Pre-Owned
Durham, NC
26 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Ice Cap
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Automatic
Mileage:
29,330
Stock number:
TH17683
VIN:
2T3F1RFV3RW469851

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2015 Toyota RAV4

Limited

160,630 miles

$10,900

Good Deal
Morrisville, NC
21 mi away
Year:
2015
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
176 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Pearl White
Combined gas mileage:
26 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
160,630
Stock number:
10418
VIN:
JTMYFREV1FD069579

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2022 Toyota RAV4

LE FWD

105,757 miles

$16,488

Great Deal
Youngsville, NC
3 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
8-Speed Dual Clutch
Mileage:
105,757
Stock number:
187851
VIN:
2T3H1RFV2NW187851

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2011 Toyota RAV4

Limited

121,305 miles

$10,499

Good Deal
Raleigh, NC
11 mi away
Year:
2011
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
179 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Combined gas mileage:
25 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
121,305
Stock number:
078853
VIN:
2T3YF4DV5BW078853

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Toyota RAV4

LE AWD

64,996 miles

$20,597

Great Deal
Cary, NC
20 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
64,996
Stock number:
CLC125019
VIN:
2T3G1RFV2LC125019

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2023 Toyota RAV4

XLE Premium FWD

53,450 miles

$27,496

Good Deal
Cary, NC
20 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Toyota
Model:
RAV4
Body type:
SUV / Crossover
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
53,450
Stock number:
CPW242514A
VIN:
2T3C1RFV1PW242514

Sponsored

  1. Home
  2. / Used Cars
  3. / Toyota RAV4
  4. / North Carolina
  5. / Wake Forest
Overview
Reviews
FAQs

CarGurus recommends the 2024 Toyota RAV4

Picture of Toyota RAV4

Summary

  • With 8,021 currently listed for sale on CarGurus and an average price of $28,723.60, 31.8% of 2024 Toyota RAV4s for sale on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals.
  • Favorably reviewed: Owners rated the 2024 Toyota RAV4 5 / 5 stars and CarGurus experts gave it an 7 / 10.
  • 91.8% of 2024 RAV4 models on CarGurus are accident free.
  • The 2024 Toyota RAV4 features advanced driver aids as standard, ensuring safety and peace of mind for every journey.

Why it stands out

The 2024 Toyota RAV4 continues to be a standout in the compact SUV market, offering a versatile range of gas, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid options that cater to diverse driver needs. Its spacious interior, practical features, and exceptional reliability make it a dependable choice for families and adventurers alike. With rugged styling and advanced safety technology included as standard across all trims, the RAV4 remains both functional and appealing without compromising on value.

Other model years to consider

The Toyota RAV4 model years from 2018 to 2023 offer solid value, characterized by competitive pricing and favorable user ratings. The 2020 model stands out with an average price of approximately $23,080 and a strong expert rating of 8.7/10, alongside a notable 36% of listings classified as good or great deals. Meanwhile, the 2023 model, priced at about $28,244 and boasting a user rating of 4.6/5, also reflects strong market appeal with 34% good/great deal availability.

Model years to approach with caution

In evaluating the Toyota RAV4 across different model years, the 2014 model emerges as the most suitable option, offering a competitive average price of $12,947.04 alongside a solid user rating of 4.5/5. The 2008 and 2009 models present moderate suitability due to their lower prices, averaging around $8,000 but with slightly lower user ratings and a high percentage of listings not classified as good or great deals. Conversely, earlier models like the 2005 RAV4 may be considered less suitable due to their age and higher percentage of listings not deemed favorable despite a relatively higher expert rating.

These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from January 6, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.

4.4 Overall rating

(947 reviews)

Customers say

The Toyota RAV4 has received high praise over the years for its reliability, spacious interior, and fuel efficiency. Owners appreciate the comfortable ride and the practicality of the vehicle, making it suitable for families and daily use. However, some drivers have expressed concerns about engine power, ride quality, and the lack of modern features in certain models. The overall value for money is often highlighted, but the price points and some interior quality have been noted as drawbacks across different generations.

AI generated from the text of customer reviews.

What people say

cargo space fuel economy interior performance reliability
Shaakira G
5.0
Reviewed a 2013 Toyota RAV4 on Jan 06, 2025

This 2013 Toyota RAV4 is a dependable and practical compact SUV, known for its reliability and spacious interior.

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2023 Toyota RAV4 on Jun 26, 2024

I have a 2023 Toyota RAV4 XLE. My wife and I love this car. It drives/handles well and gets good gas mileage. The drivers seat is electric so adjusting the seat to fit whoever is going to drive the car is easy. It also has a lane violation warning signal option that alerts the driver when the car crosses the side or middle road lanes.

Kevin R
5.0
Reviewed a 2014 Toyota RAV4 on Jan 08, 2025

This model was loaded. Runs smooth and gets great gas mileage. Lots of room in the interior. When you lay the rear seat down, you can haul about anything. Great sound system as well.

Chris K
4.0
Reviewed a 2005 Toyota RAV4 on Dec 26, 2024

The 2005 RAV4 was said to be one of the most reliable along with the 2006.

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2021 Toyota LE AWD on Apr 08, 2024

Great car, no complaints. Very affordable and plenty of space.

Toyota RAV4 FAQs

How much does the Toyota RAV4 cost in Wake Forest, NC?

The average Toyota RAV4 costs about $23,079.36. The average price has decreased by -3.6% since last year. The 286 for sale near Wake Forest, NC on CarGurus, range from $4,498 to $42,998 in price.

Is the Toyota RAV4 a good car?

CarGurus experts gave the 2026 Toyota RAV4 an overall rating of 6.8/10 and Toyota RAV4 owners have rated the vehicle a 4.4/5 stars on average. If a vehicle has both strong expert and owner reviews, you can feel confident in its quality. If either expert reviews, owner reviews, or both are spotty, you might want to do some research to figure out where the car falls short.

How many Toyota RAV4 vehicles in Wake Forest, NC have no reported accidents or damage?

286 out of 286 for sale near Wake Forest, NC have no reported accidents or damage.

Is the Toyota RAV4 safe?

CarGurus experts gave the 2026 Toyota RAV4 a safety rating of 7/10.

What fuel types are available?

Gasoline engines are available.

  • 2026 Toyota RAV4 in Wake Forest NC

  • 2025 Toyota RAV4 in Wake Forest NC

  • 2024 Toyota RAV4

  • 2023 Toyota RAV4

  • 2022 Toyota RAV4

  • 2021 Toyota RAV4

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $10,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $15,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $20,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $25,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $30,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale Under $40,000 Near Wake Forest

  • Used White Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Used Blue Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Used Red Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Used Black Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Used Silver Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Used Gray Toyota RAV4 for Sale

  • Toyota RAV4 LE AWD

  • Toyota RAV4 XLE AWD

  • Toyota RAV4 XLE FWD

  • Toyota RAV4 LE FWD

  • Toyota RAV4 Limited AWD

  • Toyota RAV4 XLE Premium FWD

  • Toyota RAV4 XLE Premium AWD

  • Toyota RAV4 XLE

  • Toyota RAV4 Adventure AWD

  • Toyota RAV4 LE

  • Toyota Sedans for Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Toyota SUVs & Crossovers for Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Reliable Cars for Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Old Toyota Pickups for Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Used Toyota Electric Cars for Sale

  • Reliable Cars For Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Best Used SUVs For Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Reliable Cheap Cars For Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Toyota Trucks for Sale in Wake Forest NC

  • Used Toyota RAV4 for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage

  • New Toyota RAV4 in Wake Forest NC

  • Certified Used Toyota RAV4 in Wake Forest NC

  • Mercury Mariner in Wake Forest NC

  • Honda CR-V in Wake Forest NC

  • Hyundai Santa Fe in Wake Forest NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Raleigh NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Rocky Mount NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Sanford NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Goldsboro NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Danville VA

  • Toyota RAV4 in Fayetteville NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Greenville NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Greensboro NC

  • Toyota RAV4 in Martinsville VA

  • All Used Cars

  • Manual Transmission Cars

  • Luxury Cars

  • Cars with Red Interior

  • Cheap Manual Cars

  • Hybrid Cars

  • Sports Cars

  • Electric SUVs

  • Cheap Trucks

  • Small Cars

  • Third Row SUVs

  • Three Quarter Ton Trucks

  • Lifted Trucks

  • Manual Transmission Trucks

  • Diesel Trucks

  • Hybrid SUVs

  • Dually Trucks

  • One Ton Trucks

  • Cheap SUVs

  • Lifted Ford Trucks

  • 4x4 Trucks

  • Work Trucks

  • AWD SUVs

  • Ford Trucks

  • Chevrolet Trucks

  • Toyota Trucks

  • Trucks Under $10,000

  • Cars Under $15,000

  • Sports Cars Under $20,000

  • Trucks Under $20,000

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Hatchbacks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Convertibles for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Vans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Minivans for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Pickup Trucks for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Used Wagons for Sale with Low Mileage

  • Hendrick Toyota of Apex

  • Mark Jacobson Toyota

  • CMA's Rocky Mount Toyota

  • Classic Toyota Henderson

  • Hubert Vester Toyota

Connect with us
Download our app
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
  • Company
  • About CarGurus
  • Our team
  • Press
  • Investor relations
  • Price trends
  • Careers
  • Advertise with CarGurus
  • For dealers
  • Dealer signup
  • Dealer resources
  • Terms
  • Terms of use
  • Privacy policy
  • Interest-based ads
  • Security
  • Help
  • Help center
  • Contact us
Click for the BBB Business Review of this Auto Listing Service in Cambridge MA
    • United States (EN)
    • Estados Unidos (ES)
    • Canada (EN)
    • Canada (FR)
    • United Kingdom

© 2026 CarGurus, Inc., All Rights Reserved.