CarGurus Logo Homepage Link
  • Buy
    • Used cars
    • New cars
    • Certified pre-owned
    • Start your purchase online
    • Dealerships near me
  • Sell
    • Sell my car
    • Car values
    • Sell my car FAQs
  • Finance
    • Prequalify for financing
    • How does it work?
    • Financing FAQs
  • Research
    • Test drive reviews
    • Price trends
    • Tips & advice
    • Electric cars
    • Compare cars
  • Discover
    The latest way to shop:
    smarter research, better
    listings.
  • Saved cars & searches
  • Sign in / Register
    • My account
    • Saved searches
    • Saved cars
    • Recommended cars
    • Browsing history
    • Financing dashboard
      • United States (EN)
      • Estados Unidos (ES)
      • Canada (EN)
      • Canada (FR)
      • United Kingdom

Used Nissan Altima for Sale near Strunk, KY

302 results
Strunk, KY
2022 Nissan Altima 2.5 S FWD Dave Kirk Chevrolet GMC

2022 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

65,595 miles

$18,079

Fair Deal
Crossville, TN
55 mi away
Year:
2022
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Glacier White
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
65,595
Stock number:
3F01015
VIN:
1N4BL4BV1NN310190

Sponsored

2023 Nissan Altima 2.5 SR FWD

2023 Nissan Altima

2.5 SR FWD

65,427 miles

$19,995

Good Deal
Knoxville, TN
53 mi away
Year:
2023
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
SPORT
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
65,427
Stock number:
PN396286
VIN:
1N4BL4CV2PN396286

Sponsored

2015 Nissan Altima 2.5 S

2015 Nissan Altima

2.5 S

67,398 miles

$12,377

Fair Deal
Knoxville, TN
52 mi away
Year:
2015
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
182 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Java Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Brown (Beige)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
67,398
Stock number:
R7525A
VIN:
1N4AL3AP3FC274847

Sponsored

2021 Nissan Altima 2.5 S FWD

2021 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

32,904 miles

$16,877

Good Deal
Knoxville, TN
50 mi away
Year:
2021
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
182 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Super Black
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
32,904
Stock number:
332935
VIN:
1N4BL4BV5MN332935

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2015 Nissan Altima

2.5 S

95,667 miles

$12,997

Fair Deal
Store transfer to Knoxville, TN
1,918 mi away • Price includes $1,999 shipping Price includes $1,999 shipping
Year:
2015
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
182 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
95,667
Stock number:
28024303
VIN:
1N4AL3AP2FN301217

2015 Nissan Altima 2.5 SV

2015 Nissan Altima

2.5 SV

96,701 miles

$13,797

Fair Deal
Store transfer to Knoxville, TN
793 mi away • Price includes $799 shipping Price includes $799 shipping
Year:
2015
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
182 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Silver
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
96,701
Stock number:
28208539
VIN:
1N4AL3AP9FC569645

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Nissan Altima

2.5 SR

115,021 miles

$10,500

Good Deal
Louisville, TN
61 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
179 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray (Gun Metallic)
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Sport Interior
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
115,021
Stock number:
K15775A
VIN:
1N4AL3AP0JC253012

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

130,289 miles

$10,844

Good Deal
Lexington, KY
99 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray (Gun Metallic)
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
130,289
Stock number:
R2143
VIN:
1N4BL4BV9LC212405

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

83,221 miles

$14,948

Fair Deal
Knoxville, TN
52 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
83,221
Stock number:
11860
VIN:
1N4BL4BV1LC171736

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SR FWD

7,424 miles

$23,333

Good Deal
Richmond, KY
78 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Glacier White
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
7,424
Stock number:
367054
VIN:
1N4BL4CV8RN367054

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Nissan Altima

2.5 SL FWD

180,312 miles

$8,999

Good Deal
Knoxville, TN
50 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray (Gun Metallic)
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
180,312
VIN:
1N4BL4EV0KC194077

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SR FWD

47,060 miles

$21,883

Fair Deal
Knoxville, TN
52 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Deep Blue Pearl
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
47,060
Stock number:
R7801A
VIN:
1N4BL4CV6RN339768

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SV FWD

59,507 miles

$15,995

Great Deal
Lexington, KY
97 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray (Gun Metallic)
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
59,507
Stock number:
QP3010
VIN:
1N4BL4DV1RN334475

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SV FWD

51,718 miles

$17,399

Great Deal
Lexington, KY
97 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Black
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
51,718
Stock number:
P8663
VIN:
1N4BL4DV2RN365363

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Nissan Altima

2.5 Platinum AWD

122,165 miles

$15,995

Good Deal
Sevierville, TN
76 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive
Engine:
182 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
30 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
122,165
Stock number:
P2714
VIN:
1N4BL4FW6LC114029

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

72,922 miles

$16,799

Good Deal
Knoxville, TN
55 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Blue
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
72,922
Stock number:
8F2MMS
VIN:
1N4BL4BVXRN313241

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2020 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

121,264 miles

$12,295

Good Deal
Alcoa, TN
62 mi away
Year:
2020
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Super Black Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
121,264
Stock number:
N2471B
VIN:
1N4BL4BV2LC264619

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 S FWD

61,705 miles

$17,499

Good Deal
Knoxville, TN
55 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
White
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Gray
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
61,705
Stock number:
8GCN5S
VIN:
1N4BL4BV6RN344261

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2019 Nissan Altima

2.5 SV FWD

115,081 miles

$12,758

Good Deal
La Follette, TN
27 mi away
Year:
2019
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Red (Scarlet Ember Tintcoat)
Combined gas mileage:
33 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
115,081
Stock number:
3764A
VIN:
1N4BL4DV5KC112541

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2014 Nissan Altima

2.5 S

94,230 miles

$12,848

Fair Deal
Store transfer to Knoxville, TN
437 mi away • Price includes $249 shipping Price includes $249 shipping
Year:
2014
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Gray
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
94,230
Stock number:
27542299
VIN:
1N4AL3AP7EN226075

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SV FWD

60,151 miles

$18,375

Good Deal
Crossville, TN
55 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Brilliant Silver Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Automatic
Mileage:
60,151
Stock number:
3F01519
VIN:
1N4BL4DV5RN339985

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2018 Nissan Altima

2.5 S

129,528 miles

$8,988

Good Deal
Lexington, KY
97 mi away
Year:
2018
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
179 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Super Black Clearcoat
Combined gas mileage:
32 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
129,528
Stock number:
QP3012A
VIN:
1N4AL3AP8JC209968

Preparing for a close up...

Photos coming soon

2024 Nissan Altima

2.5 SR FWD

63,461 miles

$20,155

Fair Deal
Nicholasville, KY
89 mi away
Year:
2024
Make:
Nissan
Model:
Altima
Body type:
Sedan
Doors:
4 doors
Drivetrain:
Front-Wheel Drive
Engine:
188 hp 2.5L I4
Exterior color:
Brilliant Silver Metallic
Combined gas mileage:
31 MPG
Fuel type:
Gasoline
Interior color:
Black (Charcoal)
Transmission:
Continuously Variable Transmission
Mileage:
63,461
Stock number:
PG2143
VIN:
1N4BL4CVXRN354211

Sponsored

  1. Home
  2. / Used Cars
  3. / Nissan Altima
  4. / Kentucky
  5. / Strunk
Overview
Reviews
FAQs

CarGurus recommends the 2024 Nissan Altima

Picture of Nissan Altima ## Summary - With 9,733 currently listed for sale on CarGurus and an **average price of $19,820.00**, 24.0% of 2024 Nissan Altimas for sale on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals. - **Favorably reviewed:** Owners rated the 2024 Nissan Altima 4.4 / 5 stars. - **80.9% of 2024 Altima models on CarGurus are accident free**. - With subtle updates ensuring competitiveness in the midsize sedan market, the 2024 Nissan Altima offers an impressive array of standard safety tech and available all-wheel drive, adding to its appeal. ## Why it stands out The 2024 Nissan Altima continues to be a strong contender in the midsize sedan segment, combining reliability with comfort and advanced technology. As highlighted in expert reviews, the Altima maintains a well-rounded profile that appeals to buyers looking for a blend of performance and practicality. The 2024 model distinguishes itself with attractive pricing, enhanced safety features, and options for all-wheel drive—a rarity among its competitors. Additionally, the introduction of a larger touchscreen display on higher trims enhances the user experience, making it easy to navigate through its features while on the road. ## Other model years to consider - **[2022 Nissan Altima](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2022-Nissan-Altima-c32054)** - Average price: $18,231.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 34.1% - User rating: 4.91 / 5 - Total listings: 5,369 - **[2023 Nissan Altima](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2023-Nissan-Altima-c32350)** - Average price: $19,813.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 37.1% - User rating: 4.9 / 5 - Total listings: 8,806 - **[2019 Nissan Altima](https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/l-Used-2019-Nissan-Altima-c27603)** - Average price: $14,032.00 - Good/great deal percentage: 31.6% - User rating: 4.75 / 5 - Total listings: 2,628 These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from March 9, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.

4.4 Overall rating

(1,074 reviews)

Customers say

Overall, the Nissan Altima impresses drivers with its reliable performance, comfortable interiors, and commendable fuel economy. Owners appreciate the smooth ride, advanced safety features, and updated technology across various model years. However, some drivers have noted a desire for additional luxury details and experienced minor concerns about the CVT transmission's reliability. Despite these critiques, many feel the Altima offers great value for their money, making it a strong contender among midsize sedans.

AI generated from the text of customer reviews.

What people say

comfort fuel economy interior performance safety
Carey K
4.0
Reviewed a 2016 Nissan 2.5 SV on Jan 16, 2025

Great car. I like the safety features as well as the gas mileage. It handles well and a smooth ride.

Theron T
5.0
Reviewed a 2020 Nissan 2.5 S FWD on Mar 19, 2024

It’s a beautiful car. Drives smoothly. Has almost all the amenities needed for a great car!

Anonymous
5.0
Reviewed a 2024 Nissan 2.5 SV AWD on Dec 06, 2024

Im very happy with my Nissan Altima. I think is just the perfect car for me!

John R
5.0
Reviewed a 2019 Nissan Altima on Jun 09, 2024

Feels like a more expensive car. No jump from a stopped position. Smooth gain. Smooth stopping. Plenty of back seat passenger room. Huge trunk.

Israel L
5.0
Reviewed a 2016 Nissan Altima on Mar 27, 2024

Loving the car. I looked around and this was the best value I could find. No missing anything, love the way it is. Comparison would be a Honda accord.. Close to it in my book

Nissan Altima FAQs

How much does the Nissan Altima cost in Strunk, KY?

The average Nissan Altima costs about $17,900.26. The average price has increased by 3.5% since last year. The 1317 for sale near Strunk, KY on CarGurus, range from $3,990 to $120,999 in price.

Is the Nissan Altima a good car?

CarGurus experts gave the 2025 Nissan Altima an overall rating of 5.8/10 and Nissan Altima owners have rated the vehicle a 4.4/5 stars on average. If a vehicle has both strong expert and owner reviews, you can feel confident in its quality. If either expert reviews, owner reviews, or both are spotty, you might want to do some research to figure out where the car falls short.

How many Nissan Altima vehicles in Strunk, KY have no reported accidents or damage?

941 out of 1317 for sale near Strunk, KY have no reported accidents or damage.

Is the Nissan Altima safe?

CarGurus experts gave the 2025 Nissan Altima a safety rating of 5/10.

What fuel types are available?

Gasoline engines are available.

  • 2026 Nissan Altima in Strunk KY

  • 2025 Nissan Altima in Strunk KY

  • 2024 Nissan Altima

  • 2023 Nissan Altima

  • 2022 Nissan Altima

  • 2021 Nissan Altima

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $10,000 Near Strunk

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $15,000 Near Strunk

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $20,000 Near Strunk

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $25,000 Near Strunk

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $30,000 Near Strunk

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale Under $40,000 Near Strunk

  • Used White Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Used Blue Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Used Red Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Used Black Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Used Silver Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Used Gray Nissan Altima for Sale in Strunk

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SV FWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SR FWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 S FWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 S

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SR AWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SV AWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SV

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SL

  • Nissan Altima 2.5 SL FWD

  • Nissan Altima 2.5

  • Nissan SUVs & Crossovers for Sale in Strunk KY

  • Used Nissan Electric Cars for Sale

  • Used Nissan Altima for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • New Nissan Altima in Strunk KY

  • Certified Used Nissan Altima in Strunk KY

  • Pontiac G8 in Strunk KY

  • Subaru Legacy in Strunk KY

  • Chevrolet Malibu in Strunk KY

  • Nissan Altima in London KY

  • Nissan Altima in Knoxville TN

  • Nissan Altima in Crossville TN

  • Nissan Altima in Cookeville TN

  • Nissan Altima in Morristown TN

  • Nissan Altima in Greeneville TN

  • Nissan Altima in Lexington KY

  • Nissan Altima in Lebanon TN

  • Nissan Altima in Bowling Green KY

  • All Used Cars

  • Manual Transmission Cars

  • Luxury Cars

  • Cars with Red Interior

  • Cheap Manual Cars

  • Hybrid Cars

  • Sports Cars

  • Electric SUVs

  • Cheap Trucks

  • Small Cars

  • Third Row SUVs

  • Three Quarter Ton Trucks

  • Lifted Trucks

  • Manual Transmission Trucks

  • Diesel Trucks

  • Hybrid SUVs

  • Dually Trucks

  • One Ton Trucks

  • Cheap SUVs

  • Lifted Ford Trucks

  • 4x4 Trucks

  • Work Trucks

  • AWD SUVs

  • Ford Trucks

  • Chevrolet Trucks

  • Toyota Trucks

  • Trucks Under $10,000

  • Cars Under $15,000

  • Sports Cars Under $20,000

  • Trucks Under $20,000

  • Used Sedans for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used SUVs / Crossovers for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Hatchbacks for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Convertibles for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Vans for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Minivans for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Pickup Trucks for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Coupes for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

  • Used Wagons for Sale with Low Mileage in Strunk

Connect with us
Download our app
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
  • Company
  • About CarGurus
  • Our team
  • Press
  • Investor relations
  • Price trends
  • Careers
  • Advertise with CarGurus
  • For dealers
  • Dealer signup
  • Dealer resources
  • Terms
  • Terms of use
  • Privacy policy
  • Interest-based ads
  • Security
  • Help
  • Help center
  • Contact us
Click for the BBB Business Review of this Auto Listing Service in Cambridge MA
    • United States (EN)
    • Estados Unidos (ES)
    • Canada (EN)
    • Canada (FR)
    • United Kingdom

© 2026 CarGurus, Inc., All Rights Reserved.