2007 Outback sport overheating

Try bleeding air from system like this. Remove cap from overflow tank fill with antifreeze to full mark leave cap off and start vehicle and let idle you will notice level in tank start to rise this is normal once thermostat starts to open level in tank will drop add more antifreeze to full mark then put cap back on.

I will try this again. New twist, this time the check engine light comes on. It hasn't with any of the other times it overheated.

Are you sure it's overheating? Maybe the sensor has gone funky

Make sure the cooling fans are working.