Used 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan for Sale nearLos Angeles, CA
Shop with transparent pricing.
Only show listings that include dealer fees- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Midnight
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Mandarin
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,976
- Stock #:
- 12P00072
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03NU212609


Sponsored by Rusnak Bentley Rolls-Royce
2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
6,976 mi
$312,070
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Forged Yellow
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 10,057
- Stock #:
- PU219910
- VIN:
- SLATV4C09PU219910

Sponsored Listing
2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
10,057 mi
$334,999
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Arctic White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Blue
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 39,590
- Stock #:
- PU217443C
- VIN:
- SLATV4C05PU217443

Sponsored Listing
2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
39,590 mi
$257,988
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 592 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Orange
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 17,405
- Stock #:
- 209669
- VIN:
- SLATV8C07NU209669

2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
17,405 mi
$290,227
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 592 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Arctic White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Arctic White
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 17,106
- Stock #:
- LP0051A
- VIN:
- SLATV8C04NU214392

2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
17,106 mi
$300,057
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Kirsch
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Hotspur Red
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 5,537
- Stock #:
- H419
- VIN:
- SLATV4C05NU213289

2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
5,537 mi
$310,066
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 591 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Crystal over Arctic White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Mandarin
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 30,130
- Stock #:
- 12P00074
- VIN:
- SLATV8C02PU216077

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
30,130 mi
$308,073
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Arctic White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- GRACE WHITE/TURCHESE
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 32,075
- Stock #:
- PU215271
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03PU215271

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
32,075 mi
$265,200
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 591 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Grace White
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 4,897
- Stock #:
- 218166
- VIN:
- SLATV8C00PU218166

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
4,897 mi
$370,080
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 591 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Commissioned Collection Arctic White
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,090
- Stock #:
- 19390
- VIN:
- SLATV8C0XPU219390

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
6,090 mi
$350,079
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Scivaro Gray
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 26,270
- Stock #:
- P32462
- VIN:
- SLATV4C09PU218594

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
26,270 mi
$263,739
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Midnight
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Mandarin
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,976
- Stock #:
- 12P00072
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03NU212609

2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
6,976 mi
$312,070
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Forged Yellow
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 10,057
- Stock #:
- PU219910
- VIN:
- SLATV4C09PU219910

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
10,057 mi
$334,999
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 591 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Gunmetal
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Mandarin
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,574
- Stock #:
- URR183A
- VIN:
- SLATV8C06PU220293

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
Black Badge AWD
6,574 mi
$354,665
- Year:
- 2021
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Gray
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 15,667
- Stock #:
- MMU207071
- VIN:
- SLATV4C05MU207071

2021 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
15,667 mi
$256,077
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 13,430
- Stock #:
- 05150
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03PU218350

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
13,430 mi
$311,446
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Arctic White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Commissioned Collection Arctic White
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 5,398
- Stock #:
- 218176
- VIN:
- SLATV4C02PU218176

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
5,398 mi
$360,080
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Scivaro Gray
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 18,105
- Stock #:
- 9835UC
- VIN:
- SLATV4C07PU217816

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
18,105 mi
$287,990
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 21,070
- Stock #:
- 05153
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03NU209967

2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
21,070 mi
$291,446
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Magma Red
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 11,397
- Stock #:
- 9875UC
- VIN:
- SLATV4C08PU219624

-$8,000
2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
11,397 mi
$317,990
$309,990
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black w/Cobalto Blue
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 2,666
- Stock #:
- RR234675A
- VIN:
- SLATV4C03PU220664

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
2,666 mi
$329,846
- Year:
- 2021
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 16 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Mileage:
- 24,011
- Stock #:
- N9064C
- VIN:
- SLATV4C01MU205804

2021 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
24,011 mi
$251,247
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Black Diamond
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Mandarin
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 38,501
- Stock #:
- WPU219395P
- VIN:
- SLATV4C08PU219395

2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
38,501 mi
$266,663
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Rolls-Royce
- Model:
- Cullinan
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 563 hp 6.8L V12
- Exterior color:
- Magma Red
- Combined gas mileage:
- 15 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 11,397
- Stock #:
- 9875UC
- VIN:
- SLATV4C08PU219624

-$8,000
Sponsored Listing
2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan
AWD
11,397 mi
$317,990
$309,990
Overview

Named for the largest diamond ever discovered, the 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan is the pinnacle of luxury-SUV opulence. With a towering profile and a grille that resembles a Roman colonnade, the Cullinan won’t be confused for any other car on the road. The Cullinan features a cavernous interior with tons of headroom and legroom. The rear seats can be configured as a bench, or with individual captain’s chairs and a center console. It provides 21.1 cubic feet of cargo space behind the rear seats and 68.2 cubic feet with the rear seats folded.
Standard features on the Cullinan include 22-inch alloy wheels, dual-tone leather upholstery, quad-zone climate control, power opening and closing doors, and heated, power-adjustable front seats with a massaging function. The Cullinan also features a 12.3-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. A head-up display, 4G Wi-Fi hotspot, and 18-speaker Fender premium stereo are just the tip of the iceberg for the Cullinan’s content.
The Cullinan is also offered in the Black Badge Edition. It features 22-inch forged alloy wheels, black exterior accents, red brake calipers, and “Black Badge” illuminated door-sill kick plates. It also features Lambswool floor mats and a Rolls-Royce Bespoke stereo system.
The Cullinan is powered by a twin-turbocharged 6.75-liter V12 engine which produces 563 horsepower and 527 pound-feet of torque. The Black Badge version features the same engine, tuned to put out 600 horsepower. The Cullinan pairs this engine to a ZF 8-speed automatic transmission, routing power to all-wheel drive. When properly equipped, the Cullinan can tow up to 7,257 pounds. The Cullinan features Rolls-Royce’s Magic Carpet Ride adaptive air suspension. On the Black Badge, the suspension and transmission are retuned to make the Cullinan’s effortless ride quality feel a bit more engaging.
Fuel economy for the Cullinan is 12 mpg city, 20 highway, and 14 combined. As one might expect, premium fuel is required.
The 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan has a starting price of $335,350. The Cullinan Black Badge starts at $385,000. Of course, the countless points of customization on the Cullinan can add tens of thousands to that price. The Cullinan is backed by a four-year/unlimited-mile powertrain warranty.
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan Trims
| Trim type | MSRP |
|---|---|
| AWD | $341,500 |
| Black Badge AWD | $394,500 |
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan Price Trends
CarGurus tracks the prices of millions of used car listings every year. See how the average price of 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan prices has changed over time.
See more price trends2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan Pricing Analysis
Pricing by Popular US Cities
Market Area: Nationwide
Key Insights
- Highest Price in Boston: The market in Boston, MA ($327,199) reflects the highest average price, likely due to demand for luxury vehicles in affluent areas.
- Lowest Price in Houston: Houston, TX ($249,995) offers the lowest average price, suggesting a more competitive market or higher inventory turnover.
- Inventory Variation: Cities like Miami (76 listings) and New York (61 listings) have significant inventory, which may stabilize prices compared to lower inventory markets.
City-Level Pricing
| City | Total Listings | Avg Price |
|---|---|---|
| Boston, MA | 58 | $327,199 |
| New York, NY | 61 | $309,948 |
| Dallas, TX | 58 | $296,765 |
| Los Angeles, CA | 64 | $290,142 |
| Miami, FL | 76 | $277,555 |
| Houston, TX | 59 | $249,995 |
Pricing Analysis by Model Year
Key Insights
- New Models Command Premium: The 2027 Rolls-Royce Cullinan is priced at $551,964, reflecting a 28.5% increase over its original MSRP, indicating strong demand for the latest model.
- Significant Depreciation for Older Models: The 2019 model shows a steep decline, priced at $231,122, which is -29.0% compared to its original MSRP, highlighting rapid depreciation in luxury vehicles.
- Best Value in 2024 Model Year: The 2024 model is priced at $378,624, which is the closest to its MSRP, suggesting it may offer the best value for buyers looking for a recent model.
Model Year Pricing
| Model Year | Original MSRP | Avg Price | Price vs MSRP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $429,600 | $551,964 | +28.5% |
| 2026 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $420,000 | $558,245 | +32.9% |
| 2025 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $405,000 | $523,511 | +29.3% |
| 2024 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $389,000 | $378,624 | -2.7% |
| 2023 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $348,500 | $347,229 | -0.4% |
| 2021 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $330,000 | $259,461 | -21.4% |
| 2020 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $325,000 | $253,793 | -22.0% |
| 2019 Rolls-Royce Cullinan | $325,000 | $231,122 | -29.0% |
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from August 27, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
How much does the 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan cost?
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Current Average Price | $301,238 |
| Year-Round Low | $297,092.34 |
| Year-Round High | $312,806.91 |
| Average Price a Year Ago | $302,330 |
| Change vs. Last Year | −0.36% |
Prices have held steady compared to this time last year, signaling a stable and predictable market for this model year.
There are 131 listings available, which gives you a modest amount of inventory to compare before you buy.
If you find a listing below $297,092.34, that's toward the low end of the year-round range and worth acting on quickly.
Is the 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan a good car?
With no expert test-drive score to lean on, your best read comes from the market itself: the 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan shows a stable price pattern and a meaningful share of listings that are marked as good or great deals. That combination suggests you can shop selectively without feeling rushed, especially if you are comparing condition and equipment closely.
The 26.0% share of good and great deals points to a market where some listings are priced more attractively than others, so patience can pay off if you are willing to compare several examples.
What should I look for when buying a used 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan?
Accident-free inventory is excellent at 91.6% — clean inventory, standard diligence applies.
You should still run a vehicle history report and verify that the listing matches the car’s service and ownership records. A pre-purchase inspection should be a priority, especially if you are comparing higher-priced examples where cosmetic and mechanical condition can affect value quickly. Focus on overall condition, maintenance consistency, and whether the asking price reflects any wear or prior damage.
Is now a good time to buy a used 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan?
This looks like a moderate, selective buyer’s market, where you can shop carefully and still find worthwhile listings if you compare enough examples.
- Deal availability: 26.0% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
- Inventory: There are 131 listings available.
- Price trend: Prices have held steady compared with last year.
- Clean inventory: 91.6% of listings are accident-free.
If you find a listing below $297,092.34, that's toward the low end of the year-round range and worth acting on quickly.
What is the 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan's resale value?
The current average of $301,238 sits slightly below last year's $302,330.
That small decline suggests the market has been relatively stable, which can help support resale confidence if you buy at a fair price. If you plan to sell later, a steady pricing environment usually means your eventual return will depend more on condition, mileage, and how well the vehicle has been maintained than on sharp market swings. For you, that makes documentation and upkeep especially important.
Should I buy a 2022 Rolls-Royce Cullinan or consider a different year?
If you're weighing the 2022 against nearby model years, here's how to think about it:
Choose the 2022 if:
- 26.0% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
- Accident-free inventory is excellent at 91.6% — clean inventory, standard diligence applies.
- Price trend: Prices have held steady compared with last year.
The bottom line: The 2022 is a sensible primary choice if you want a stable market with a decent share of well-priced listings and strong clean-inventory availability. If you are especially price-sensitive, it is still worth comparing nearby years and watching for the best-priced examples, but the 2022 gives you a straightforward place to start your search.
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from August 28, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
Relevant articles

2025 Rolls-Royce Cullinan Pricing, Specs, and Release Date
The Rolls-Royce Cullinan is the British luxury brand's offering in the top-end SUV segment.

Who Makes Rolls-Royce Cars?
Rolls-Royce is a British carmaker that’s regarded as one of the world’s most famous luxury brands. Founded in 1906 and based in England, the company has been owned by BMW since 2003.