Used Audi Q5 Sportback for Sale nearSan Juan, PR
Shop with transparent pricing.
Only show listings that include dealer fees- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 41,537
- Stock #:
- 190873
- VIN:
- WA15AAFYXP2190873
Sponsored by Autos of Dallas
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
41,537 mi
$29,815
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Tambora Gray Metallic
- Combined gas mileage:
- 25 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Murillo Brown
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 1,163
- Stock #:
- LS2079409
- VIN:
- WA1EAAGU5S2079409
-$1,080
Sponsored Listing
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI
1,163 mi
$44,017
$42,937
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Glacier White
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 4,041
- Stock #:
- 75S2057869P
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY0S2057869
Sponsored Listing
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI
4,041 mi
$46,292
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- District Green Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Okapi Brown
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 29,594
- Stock #:
- P154780
- VIN:
- WA15AAFYXP2154780
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
29,594 mi
$32,550
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Daytona Gray Pearl Effect
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Brown (Atlas Beige)
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 52,802
- Stock #:
- P9623
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY2N2131393
2022 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
52,802 mi
$26,170
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Florett Silver Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 26,962
- Stock #:
- SL1689A
- VIN:
- WA16AAFY0P2003354
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Prestige S Line 45 TFSI AWD
26,962 mi
$35,500
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Mythos Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 12,756
- Stock #:
- DP9614
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY7P2163355
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
12,756 mi
$35,588
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Ultra Blue Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Rock Gray
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 35,442
- Stock #:
- 80697
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY8N2014983
-$885
2022 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
35,442 mi
$27,799
$26,999
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Glacier White Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 35,460
- Stock #:
- W002952A
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY8P2173828
-$950
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
35,460 mi
$32,284
$31,334
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Silver Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 29,302
- Stock #:
- UL2431A
- VIN:
- WA15AAFYXP2112223
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
29,302 mi
$30,482
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Glacier White
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 28,806
- Stock #:
- AKP264
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY4P2018046
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
28,806 mi
$31,949
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Gray Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Gray
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 34,516
- Stock #:
- HCVPP2142757
- VIN:
- WA15AAFYXP2142757
-$1,000
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
34,516 mi
$31,210
$30,210
- Year:
- 2022
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Blue Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 47,376
- Stock #:
- G26361A
- VIN:
- WA16AAFY0N2041051
2022 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Prestige S Line 45 TFSI AWD
47,376 mi
$30,094
- Year:
- 2021
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Daytona Gray Pearl
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 91,853
- Stock #:
- K5493A
- VIN:
- WA16ABFY6M2091411
2021 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Prestige 45 TFSI AWD
91,853 mi
$23,117
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Mythos Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 45,824
- Stock #:
- T8563264A
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY2P2037226
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
45,824 mi
$27,590
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Mythos Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 1,780
- Stock #:
- BS2061966A
- VIN:
- WA1EAAGU2S2061966
-$3,000
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI
1,780 mi
$50,088
$47,088
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Mythos Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Okapi Brown
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 22,833
- Stock #:
- U1339
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY3P2183327
-$2,695
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
22,833 mi
$35,900
$33,900
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- District Green Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Okapi Brown
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 39,376
- Stock #:
- 5725
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY3P2179469
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
39,376 mi
$29,270
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- District Green Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 34,133
- Stock #:
- 14P07147
- VIN:
- WA15AAFYXP2086660
2023 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
34,133 mi
$30,890
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Daytona Gray Pearl
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Brown
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,493
- Stock #:
- F7981L
- VIN:
- WA1EAAGU8S2095331
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI
6,493 mi
$47,290
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Ultra Blue Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 7,422
- Stock #:
- 2202
- VIN:
- WA16AAFY6R2115627
2024 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Prestige S Line 45 TFSI AWD
7,422 mi
$41,494
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Brown
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 8,719
- Stock #:
- S2087266
- VIN:
- WA1DAAGU0S2087266
-$1,000
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium S Line 45 TFSI
8,719 mi
$44,489
$43,489
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- District Green Metallic
- Combined gas mileage:
- 25 MPG
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Okapi Brown
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 34,448
- Stock #:
- R2055344
- VIN:
- WA15AAFY6R2055344
-$1,000
2024 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD
34,448 mi
$33,394
$32,394
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Audi
- Model:
- Q5 Sportback
- Body type:
- Sedan
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 261 hp 2L I4
- Exterior color:
- Black Metallic
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior color:
- Brown (Beige)
- Transmission:
- 7-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 6,814
- Stock #:
- TD016293A
- VIN:
- WA1EAAGUXS2071466
Sponsored Listing
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback
quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI
6,814 mi
$48,364
How much does the Audi Q5 Sportback cost in today's market?
Used Audi Q5 Sportback prices span a wide range depending on model year. Here's what the market looks like right now:
| Model Year | Current Avg. Price | Year-Round Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $46,554 | $46,554 – $50,848 |
| 2024 | $37,624 | $37,244 – $45,802 |
| 2023 | $32,543 | $32,543 – $36,569 |
| 2022 | $27,299 | $27,299 – $31,816 |
The Audi Q5 Sportback's current nationwide average price is $36,655, and its lowest point over the past year was $35,464. That puts today’s pricing near the lower end of its recent range for this model.
Recently, prices have come down for the 2023, 2024, and 2025 models, making now a good time to shop recent model years.
Is the Audi Q5 Sportback a good car?
Yes — the Audi Q5 Sportback earns strong marks from owners across the model years in this data.
The all-generations owner rating is 4.67/5 across every model year in the data.
35.7% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
Are Audi Q5 Sportback models reliable?
Owners consistently rate the Audi Q5 Sportback highly, with especially strong feedback in the 2023 and 2022 model years. The overall owner sentiment points to a vehicle that shoppers tend to feel good about after purchase.
- Owners rate the Audi Q5 Sportback between 4.5 and 5.0 out of 5 stars across all model years in the data.
For used buyers, long-term ownership risk looks manageable when you focus on well-kept examples with clean history and strong maintenance records.
What should I look for when buying a used Audi Q5 Sportback?
Across all model years, accident-free inventory is excellent at 92.2% — clean inventory, standard diligence applies.
| Model Year | Accident-Free % |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 98.9% |
| 2025 | 96.7% |
| 2024 | 94.1% |
| 2023 | 91.1% |
| 2022 | 89% |
| 2021 | 80.9% |
What Audi Q5 Sportback do most buyers choose?
The Audi Q5 Sportback years with the most listings are 2024, 2023, and 2022.
| Model Year | Total Listings | Good + Great Deals % |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 459 | 35.7% |
| 2023 | 369 | 39% |
| 2022 | 336 | 39.3% |
| 2025 | 244 | 30.7% |
| 2026 | 180 | 29.4% |
| 2021 | 94 | 37.2% |
Higher-volume years usually draw more shopper attention because you get more choices, more pricing spread, and a better chance of finding the right trim and condition. They also tend to be the easiest years to compare side by side while shopping.
What is the Audi Q5 Sportback's resale value?
| Model Year | Current Avg. Price | Year-Over-Year Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $37,624 | −17.91% |
| 2022 | $27,299 | −14.25% |
| 2023 | $32,543 | −9.23% |
| 2025 | $46,554 | −8.45% |
Prices are down across every model year shown here, and the declines are especially sharp for some recent versions. That creates a favorable setup for used buyers who want to shop from a softer pricing environment. The smaller drops on the newer and mid-cycle years suggest those versions have seen somewhat steadier pricing than the steepest movers.
The 2025, 2023, and 2022 model years have held their value best, with the smallest year-over-year price changes.
Should I buy a used Audi Q5 Sportback now or wait for the next model?
Buy now if:
- Price trend: The 2025 model is at −8.45% versus a year ago, and the 2024 model is at −17.91%.
- Deal availability: The 2025 model has 30.7% good and great deals, and the 2024 model has 35.7%.
- Sweet-spot year: The 2024 model has the most listings at a current average price of $37,624.
If you're buying used today, the 2024 model year offers the best mix of value and availability. If you want the newest version, it may be worth waiting for the next model year's inventory to build up.
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from September 11, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
4.7 Overall rating
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Filter by rating
Anonymous
Reviewed a 2022 Audi quattro Premium Plus S Line 45 TFSI AWD on Feb 27, 2025
Very good value, many great options, strong engine and very well designed. A truly outstanding vehicle!
Anonymous
Reviewed a 2023 Audi Q5 Sportback on Sep 8, 2023
Great Ride. Stylish look - very sleek. Quiet but lots of power when needed. Good value for the money.
Mattice S
Reviewed a 2022 Audi Q5 Sportback on Mar 28, 2023
The car drives and looks great. There were many scratches on the black gloss glass near the center console/shifter. Thats on the previous owner 6k miles in.
Audi Q5 Sportback Trims
| Trim type | MSRP |
|---|---|
| quattro Technik TFSI | -- |
| quattro Progressiv TFSI | -- |
| quattro Premium TFSI | $55,100 |
| quattro Prestige TFSI | $62,800 |
| quattro Premium Plus TFSI | $57,800 |
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
Audi Q5 Sportback Price Trends
CarGurus tracks the prices of millions of used car listings every year. See how the average price of Audi Q5 Sportback prices has changed over time.
See more price trendsAudi Q5 Sportback Pricing Analysis
Pricing Analysis by Model Year
Key Insights
- New Model Premium: The 2026 Audi Q5 Sportback is currently priced at $57,279, which is approximately 4.3% above its MSRP, indicating strong demand for the latest model.
- Significant Depreciation for Older Models: The 2023 model shows a steep decline, priced at $32,664, reflecting a ~36.8% depreciation from its original MSRP.
- Best Value Year: The 2022 model offers a compelling price at $29,055, representing a ~42.9% depreciation, making it a potential value pick for buyers.
Model Year Pricing
| Model Year | Original MSRP | Avg Price | Price vs MSRP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Audi Q5 Sportback | $55,100 | $57,279 | +4.3% |
| 2025 Audi Q5 Sportback | $52,200 | $47,805 | -8.4% |
| 2024 Audi Q5 Sportback | $52,200 | $38,034 | -27.1% |
| 2023 Audi Q5 Sportback | $51,000 | $32,664 | -36.8% |
| 2022 Audi Q5 Sportback | $50,100 | $29,055 | -42.9% |
| 2021 Audi Q5 Sportback | $47,800 | $26,368 | -43.8% |
Pricing by Popular US Cities
Market Area: Nationwide
Key Insights
- Highest Prices in New York: The New York, NY market commands the highest average price at $42,170, likely due to higher demand and lower inventory.
- Lowest Prices in Chicago: Chicago, IL offers the most competitive pricing at $31,610, suggesting a more price-sensitive market with potentially higher inventory.
- Price Variation Across Cities: There is a notable price range from $31,610 in Chicago to $42,170 in New York, indicating regional demand differences and varying market conditions.
City-Level Pricing
| City | Total Listings | Avg Price |
|---|---|---|
| New York, NY | 94 | $42,170 |
| Los Angeles, CA | 67 | $33,256 |
| Chicago, IL | 55 | $31,610 |
| Dallas, TX | 54 | $31,513 |
| Philadelphia, PA | 74 | $33,482 |
| Houston, TX | 50 | $33,944 |
| Miami, FL | 48 | $33,921 |
| Washington, DC | 60 | $35,205 |
| Atlanta, GA | 42 | $39,451 |
| Boston, MA | 56 | $32,104 |
Pricing by Trim Packages
Key Insights
- AWD Trims Dominate Listings: The quattro Premium Plus TFSI is the most common trim with 21 listings, reflecting strong demand for AWD capabilities.
- Price Range Across Trims: The quattro Prestige TFSI is priced at $62,800, significantly higher than the quattro Premium TFSI at $55,100, indicating a premium for luxury features.
- Feature-Rich Base Trims: Both quattro Premium Plus TFSI and quattro Premium TFSI offer a robust set of features, making them attractive options for buyers seeking value.
Trim-Level Details
| Trim | Listings | MSRP | Drivetrain | Engine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quattro Premium Plus TFSI | 21 | $57,800 | AWD | 2.0L 268 hp I4 |
| quattro Premium TFSI | 7 | $55,100 | AWD | 2.0L 268 hp I4 |
| quattro Prestige TFSI | 1 | $62,800 | AWD | 2.0L 268 hp I4 |
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from September 10, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
*CarGurus meticulously monitors the prices of millions of pre-owned vehicle listings, offering users precise and up-to-date market insights. Historical pricing data excludes any additional dealer fees as of May 3, 2026.
Relevant articles
2026 Audi Q5 Sportback Pricing, Specs, and Release Date
Revised just last year, the 2026 Audi Q5 Sportback features only minor content changes while continuing with its lively turbocharged engine and standard all-wheel drive.
2025 Audi Q5 Sportback Pricing, Specs, and Release Date
The Audi Q5 Sportback is the more stylish but perhaps less practical sibling of the popular Q5. It gets additional standard features and available packages for 2025.
Who Makes Audi Cars?
Audi is a German luxury automaker that makes a full line of cars, SUVs, performance vehicles, and EVs. Volkswagen Group owns Audi, and there are multiple Audi models that share platforms with VW counterparts.
