I have 2001 Chevy Silverado (265/45,16) wheels, but would like to put on 2005 Chevy Silverado (17") that I found. Will that work?

what does the doorjamb sticker say you should have? I tend NOT to stray from the manufacturers recommendation. You will need different rims, and the difference in height will affect your speedometer. It will be 1.06% slower than it should be. Honestly cannot recommend this-

well what judge_roy_beans is saying is that it wont look good. But I think you are going the right direction with those rims. All silverado rims should fit any silverado. The 2005 rims should fit .